Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.

不稳定的男子气概将男子气概（相对于女子气概）描绘为一种难以获得，容易失去并通过公共行动证明的社会地位。在这里，我们提供了关于不稳定的男子气概信念（Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]）的简短度量的跨文化数据，这些信度与其他经过跨文化验证的性别意识形态以及国家级的性别平等和人类发展指数有意义地协变量。使用来自全球13个地区的62个国家/地区的大学样本数据（N = 33,417），我们证明：（1）PMB的心理同构（即，其在个人和国家/地区级别的含义和统计属性上的可比性）；（2）PMB与歧义的性别歧视和对男人的歧义的区别和联系；（3）PMB与国家一级的性别平等和人类发展之间的联系。就发现结果的统计和理论意义进行了讨论，以理解人们普遍认为的关于男性性别角色pre可危的信念。