Chekhov's Environmental Psychology: Medicine and the Early Stories Matthew Mangold

In light of the historical circumstances surrounding Anton Chekhov's early writing career and his own statements about the importance of medicine to it, there is surprisingly little scholarship on how medicine shaped his prose. What ideas was he introduced to in medical school and how did he apply them? Which of these drew his attention as he strove to articulate a new artistic vision? How did Chekhov draw on his experience with medicine to experiment with new themes and forms in his literary writing? This article addresses these questions by focusing on the aspects of medicine that had the most discernable influence on Chekhov as he developed his literary writing: hygiene, clinical medicine, and psychiatry. It argues that Chekhov engaged with core issues of medicine not only as a medical student who wrote case histories of his patients, but also as a groundbreaking writer. As he transcodes insights from the clinic into his prose, he creates a new conception of details that disclose relationships between settings and characters and an environmental psychology emerges across his medical writing and fiction. His stories envision relationships between physical and mental life with such originality that he becomes a new literary force not long after completing his medical education.

The Wandering Orthodox Nuns: Religion and Gender in the Nineteenth-Century Central Balkans Evguenia Davidova

This article discusses a specific type of religious travel—not pious pilgrimage to the Holy Lands—but more mundane trips performed by Eastern Orthodox sisters to beg for donations within and between three multi-confessional empires. More specifically, it focuses on how nuns’ spatial movements put them on the bigger imperial and transnational maps of church, state, and society and contributed to negotiating space for gender. By combining mobility and gender as categories of analysis, I position the sisters’ acts within three broad themes: travel, women's education, and social networks. I suggest that nuns’ involvement in local communities and the establishment of schools for girls provides evidence for worldly as well as pious concerns. By encompassing rich social interactions, the sisters’ story presents gender imbalances in more palpable form and embodies larger experiences of nineteenth-century women who strove to achieve self-development and to assert social visibility.

Keywords

Balkans

education

gender

mobility

nuns

religion

Performing Glinka's Opera A Life for the Tsar on the Village Stage Julia Mannherz

Between 1896 and 1917, the Perm΄ “Guardianship of Popular Sobriety”—an organization funded by the Ministry of Finance and supervised by the provincial governor—ran a popular choir program that engendered enthusiastic artistic collaboration between peasants, workers, the regional intelligentsia, and state officials. One major achievement of participants were amateur performances of Glinka's monarchical opera A Life for the Tsar throughout Perm΄ province. This article focuses on the musical activities of one peasant women, E.N. Shniukova, and argues that provincial and otherwise unknown musicians, many of whom were women, played a key role in spreading cultural values and shaping musical life in the early twentieth century. These regional musicians rejected the peripheral position that their location and social position otherwise suggested and proudly viewed their villages as centers of artistic creativity.

“Airing Our Dirty Linen in Public”: Lidiia Chukovskaia, Nadezhda Mandeľshtam, and Competing Visions for a Liberal Soviet Counterpublic Lusia Zaitseva

This article contributes to the study of gender and dissidence in the Soviet Union by examining the feud between two significant authors of cultural samizdat and tamizdat—Nadezhda Mandeľshtam and Lidiia Chukovskaia—through an updated feminist lens. It draws on prose unpublished in their lifetimes and presents previously undiscovered writing by Mandeľshtam in order to examine the origins and substance of their feud. I argue that their distinctive modes of authorship date to their relationship with Anna Akhmatova and subsequent differing approaches to her legacy. These approaches reveal their shared conservative attitude regarding gender and moral authority in the nascent liberal Soviet counterpublic as well as their diverging understandings of how the transnational public sphere could help bring about much-needed changes at home. These attitudes shaped how they regarded each other and continue to have salience for our understanding of women's participation in the public sphere in Russia today.

Resurrection by Surrogation: Spectral Performance in Putin's Russia Maksim Hanukai

This article examines the emergence of what I call “spectral performance” in Putin's Russia. Focusing on the Immortal Regiment initiative, I investigate the growing importance of practices that ask the living to act as surrogates for the dead. My analysis proceeds in three stages. First, applying a memory studies frame, I show how the Regiment helps preserve memory of WWII in a time of significant generational change. Second, drawing on theories of political theology and biopolitics, I show how the Regiment reaffirms the Kremlin's sovereign power to regulate the boundaries between life and death while symbolically displacing sovereignty from the “flesh” of the people to a growing ranks of “immortals.” Finally, focusing on the question of representation, I show how the Regiment helps construct an oppressive distribution of the sensible that privileges the dead over the living. I conclude by examining St. Petersburg artist Maksim Evstropov's necro-activist project Party of the Dead as a cultural critique of the Regiment.

中文翻译：

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摘要

契kh夫的环境心理学：医学与早期故事 Matthew Mangold

考虑到安东·契kh夫（Anton Chekhov）早期写作生涯的历史环境以及他自己对医学对其重要性的陈述，令人惊讶的是，几乎没有关于医学如何影响他的散文的学术论文。他在医学院引入了什么想法，他是如何应用它们的？在他努力表达新的艺术视野时，其中哪一个引起了他的注意？契kh夫如何利用他在医学上的经验来尝试文学创作中的新主题和新形式？本文着重于这些问题，着重研究了契Che夫发展文学作品时对医药产生最明显影响的方面：卫生，临床医学和精神病学。它认为契kh夫不仅从事医学方面的工作，而且还为患者撰写病历，从而参与了医学的核心问题，而且还是一位开创性的作家。当他将诊所的见识转换为散文时，他创造了一种新的细节概念，以揭示环境与角色之间的关系，并且在他的医学著作和小说中都涌现出一种环境心理学。他的故事以其独创性构想了身心生活之间的关系，以至于他在完成医学教育后不久就成为一种新的文学力量。

流浪的东正教修女：十九世纪中部巴尔干半岛的宗教与性别 Evguenia Davidova

本文讨论了一种特定的宗教旅行方式-不是虔诚的朝圣之旅-而是东正教姐妹们进行的平凡之行，以乞求三个多three悔帝国之内和之间的捐赠。更具体地讲，它着重于修女的空间运动如何将它们置于更大的帝国，跨国的教堂，国家和社会地图上，并有助于为性别问题进行谈判。通过将流动性和性别作为分析类别，我将姐妹的行为定位在三个广泛的主题中：旅行，妇女教育和社交网络。我建议修女参与当地社区和建立女童学校为世俗和虔诚的关切提供了证据。通过丰富的社交互动，

关键字词

巴尔干

教育

性别

流动性

修女

宗教

在乡村舞台上表演格林卡歌剧《沙皇的生命》 朱莉娅·曼海兹（Julia Mannherz）

在1896年至1917年之间，由财政部资助并由省长监督的彼尔姆市“大众清醒监护”组织了一项颇受欢迎的合唱团计划，该计划引起了农民，工人，地方知识分子和地方政府之间的热烈艺术合作。国家官员。参与者的一项主要成就是格林卡的帝王歌剧《沙皇的生活》在彼尔姆省的业余表演。本文关注的是一位农民妇女EN Shniukova的音乐活动，并指出，在20世纪初期，省级和其他身份未知的音乐家（其中许多是女性）在传播文化价值和塑造音乐生活方面发挥了关键作用。

“在公共场合播放我们肮脏的亚麻布”：Lidiia Chukovskaia，NadezhdaMandeľshtam和自由苏维埃共和国反对派 Lusia Zaitseva的竞争愿景

本文通过更新的女权主义视角，考察了两个文化萨米达特和坦米萨达特的重要作者纳德兹达·曼德什塔姆（NadezhdaMandeľshtam）和利迪娅·楚科夫斯卡娅（Lidiia Chukovskaia）之间的争执，为苏联的性别与异见研究做出了贡献。它借鉴了他们一生中未发表的散文，并介绍了曼德施塔姆（Mandeľshtam）以前未发现的著作，以检验他们的仇恨的起源和内容。我认为，他们与众不同的创作模式可以追溯到他们与安娜·阿赫玛托娃（Anna Akhmatova）的关系以及后来对她的遗产的不同对待。这些方法揭示了他们在新生的自由苏维埃共和国中对性别和道德权威的共同保守态度，以及他们对跨国公共领域如何有助于在国内带来急需的变革的不同理解。

代孕复活：普京的俄罗斯 马克西姆·哈努凯（Maksim Hanukai）的光谱表现

本文考察了普京俄罗斯中所谓的“光谱性能”的出现。着眼于“不朽军团”倡议，我调查了要求活人充当死者代理人的习俗的日益重要的意义。我的分析分为三个阶段。首先，我将运用记忆研究框架，说明在重大的世代变化时期，军团如何帮助保留第二次世界大战的记忆。其次，我利用政治神学和生物政治学的理论，展示了军团如何重申克里姆林宫的主权力量来调节生与死之间的界限，同时象征性地将主权从人民的“肉体”转移到越来越多的“神仙”。最后，集中在代表性问题上，我展示了军团如何帮助合理分配压迫感的人，使死者享有优先于生者的权利。最后，我考察了圣彼得堡艺术家Maksim Evstropov的亡命激进分子计划“死党”，作为对团的文化批判。