ABSTRACT

Carya illinoinensis (pecan) is a fruit crop native to Mexico and the USA and cultivated across the world. Despite the advances of the molecular markers’ technologies and their use in genetic studies of diversity and breeding, studies with this species only reticently accompanied this progress. Here we review the studies using molecular markers, the gaps, and the perspectives concerning these technologies in pecaniculture. The selection of plants more adapted to the particular conditions where the species is cultivated and the obligatory outcrossing mode of reproduction lead the species to generate several new genetic combinations. Molecular markers were employed to assess this diversity, using PCR-based markers and sequencing-based technologies. Genetic diversity was characterised in natural populations and collections of pecan germplasm. Markers putatively linked to traits of interest were reported and the genome sequencing technology provided insights into the evolution of the species. The outcomes of these studies still have to be integrated and further exploited to reach and impact the orchards and breeding programmes. However, the scientific advances in molecular markers research and the growth of the pecan’s supply chain may drive to a scenario in which these biotechnologies will become tools regularly assisting breeders and farmers.

摘要

山核桃（山核桃）是原产于墨西哥和美国并在世界各地种植的水果作物。尽管分子标记技术的进步及其在多样性和育种的遗传研究中的应用，但对该物种的研究只是默默地伴随着这一进展。在这里，我们回顾了使用分子标记的研究、差距以及有关这些技术在山核桃养殖中的前景。选择更适应物种栽培的特定条件的植物以及强制性的异种繁殖模式导致物种产生几种新的遗传组合。分子标记被用来评估这种多样性，使用基于 PCR 的标记和基于测序的技术。遗传多样性的特点是自然种群和山核桃种质的集合。报告了假定与感兴趣的特征相关的标记，基因组测序技术提供了对该物种进化的见解。这些研究的结果仍然需要整合和进一步利用，以影响果园和育种计划。然而，分子标记研究的科学进步和山核桃供应链的增长可能会推动这些生物技术成为定期帮助育种者和农民的工具。