Two new macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines at the National Synchrotron Light Source II, FMX and AMX, opened for general user operation in February 2017 [Schneider et al. (2013). J. Phys. Conf. Ser.425, 012003; Fuchs et al. (2014). J. Phys. Conf. Ser.493, 012021; Fuchs et al. (2016). AIP Conf. Proc. SRI2015, 1741, 030006]. FMX, the micro‐focusing Frontier MX beamline in sector 17‐ID‐2 at NSLS‐II, covers a 5–30 keV photon energy range and delivers a flux of 4.0 × 10¹² photons s⁻¹ at 1 Å into a 1 µm × 1.5 µm to 10 µm × 10 µm (V × H) variable focus, expected to reach 5 × 10¹² photons s⁻¹ at final storage‐ring current. This flux density surpasses most MX beamlines by nearly two orders of magnitude. The high brightness and microbeam capability of FMX are focused on solving difficult crystallographic challenges. The beamline's flexible design supports a wide range of structure determination methods – serial crystallography on micrometre‐sized crystals, raster optimization of diffraction from inhomogeneous crystals, high‐resolution data collection from large‐unit‐cell crystals, room‐temperature data collection for crystals that are difficult to freeze and for studying conformational dynamics, and fully automated data collection for sample‐screening and ligand‐binding studies. FMX's high dose rate reduces data collection times for applications like serial crystallography to minutes rather than hours. With associated sample lifetimes as short as a few milliseconds, new rapid sample‐delivery methods have been implemented, such as an ultra‐high‐speed high‐precision piezo scanner goniometer [Gao et al. (2018). J. Synchrotron Rad.25, 1362–1370], new microcrystal‐optimized micromesh well sample holders [Guo et al. (2018). IUCrJ, 5, 238–246] and highly viscous media injectors [Weierstall et al. (2014). Nat. Commun.5, 3309]. The new beamline pushes the frontier of synchrotron crystallography and enables users to determine structures from difficult‐to‐crystallize targets like membrane proteins, using previously intractable crystals of a few micrometres in size, and to obtain quality structures from irregular larger crystals.

中文翻译：

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FMX – 国家同步加速器光源 II 的前沿微聚焦高分子晶体学光束线

国家同步加速器光源 II 的两条新的大分子晶体学 (MX) 光束线 FMX 和 AMX 于 2017 年 2 月开放供一般用户操作 [Schneider等人，2017 年 2 月] （2013）。J. Phys。会议。序列。425、012003；福克斯等人。（2014）。J. Phys。会议。序列。493、012021；福克斯等人。（2016）。AIP 会议 过程。SRI2015 , 1741 , 030006]。FMX 是 NSLS-II 17-ID-2 区的微聚焦 Frontier MX 光束线，覆盖 5-30 keV 光子能量范围，并在 1 Å 下将 4.0 × 10 ¹² 光子 s ^-1的通量传递到 1 µm × 1.5 µm 至 10 µm × 10 µm (V × H) 可变焦距，预计在最终存储环电流下达到 5 × 10 ¹² 光子 s ^{-1 。}该通量密度超过大多数 MX 光束线近两个数量级。FMX 的高亮度和微束能力专注于解决困难的晶体学挑战。光束线的灵活设计支持多种结构测定方法 - 微米级晶体的连续晶体学、非均匀晶体衍射的光栅优化、大晶胞晶体的高分辨率数据收集、晶体的室温数据收集难以冷冻并用于研究构象动力学，以及用于样品筛选和配体结合研究的全自动数据收集。FMX 的高剂量率将串行晶体学等应用的数据收集时间缩短为几分钟而不是几小时。由于相关的样品寿命短至几毫秒，因此已经实施了新的快速样品传输方法，例如超高速高精度压电扫描测角仪[Gao等人，2017]。（2018）。J.同步加速器拉德。25 , 1362–1370]，新型微晶优化微孔样品架 [Guo et al. （2018）。IUCrJ , 5 , 238–246] 和高粘性介质注射器 [Weierstall等人。（2014）。纳特。交流。5、3309 ]。新的光束线推动了同步加速器晶体学的前沿，使用户能够使用以前难以处理的几微米大小的晶体来确定膜蛋白等难以结晶的目标的结构，并从不规则的较大晶体中获得高质量的结构。