Objective

To compare oxygenation and ventilation in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) anesthetized with two treatments with and without oxygen supplementation.

Study design

Randomized, blinded, crossover study.

Animals

A total of eight healthy adult white-tailed deer weighing 49–62 kg.

Methods

Each deer was anesthetized twice intramuscularly: 1) treatment XK, xylazine (2 mg kg^–1) and ketamine (6 mg kg^–1) and 2) treatment XTZ, xylazine (2 mg kg^–1) and tiletamine–zolazepam (4 mg kg^–1). With the deer in sternal position, arterial and venous blood was collected before and at 30 minutes during administration of oxygen at 1 L minute^–1 through a face mask. PaO₂ and heart rate (HR) were compared using two-way repeated measures anova. pH, PaCO₂ and lactate concentration were analyzed using mixed-effects linear models, p < 0.05.

Results

When breathing air, PaO₂ was < 80 mmHg (10.7 kPa) in six and seven deer with XK and XTZ, respectively, and of these, PaO₂ was < 60 mmHg (8.0 kPa) in three and five deer, respectively. With oxygen supplementation, PaO₂ increased to 128 ± 4 and 140 ± 5 mmHg (17.1 ± 0.5 and 18.7 ± 0.7 kPa), mean ± standard error, with XK and XTZ, respectively (p < 0.001). PaO₂ was not significantly different between treatments at either time point. HR decreased during oxygen supplementation in both treatments (p < 0.001). Lactate was significantly lower (p = 0.047) with XTZ than with XK (2.2 ± 0.6 versus 3.5 ± 0.6 mmol L^–1) and decreased (p < 0.001) with oxygen supplementation (4.1 ± 0.6 versus 1.6 ± 0.6 mmol L^–1). PaCO₂ increased in XTZ during oxygen breathing.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Treatments XK and XTZ resulted in hypoxemia, which responded to oxygen supplementation. Both treatments are suitable for immobilization of white-tailed deer under the study circumstances.

中文翻译：

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赛拉嗪-氯胺酮与赛拉嗪-替他明-唑拉西泮固定白尾鹿吸氧前后的生理和血气效应：初步研究

客观的

比较用补充和不补充氧气的两种治疗方法麻醉的白尾鹿 ( Odocoileus virginianus ) 的氧合和通气情况。

学习规划

随机、盲法、交叉研究。

动物

总共 8 只健康成年白尾鹿，体重 49-62 公斤。

方法

每只鹿肌肉注射两次：1) XK 治疗组、甲苯噻嗪 (2 mg kg ^–1 ) 和氯胺酮 (6 mg kg ^–1 ) 和 2) XTZ 治疗组、赛拉嗪 (2 mg kg ^–1 ) 和替他明-唑拉西泮 (4 mg公斤^–1 )。将鹿置于胸骨位置，在通过面罩以 1 L min ^–1输氧之前和 30 分钟时采集动脉和静脉血。使用双向重复测量anova比较PaO ₂和心率 (HR) 。使用混合效应线性模型分析pH、PaCO ₂和乳酸浓度，p < 0.05。

结果

呼吸空气时，六头鹿和七头鹿的PaO ₂分别< 80 mmHg (10.7 kPa)，XK 和 XTZ，其中，三头和五头鹿的PaO ₂分别< 60 mmHg (8.0 kPa)。随着氧气的补充，PaO _{2 分别}增加到 128 ± 4 和 140 ± 5 mmHg（17.1 ± 0.5 和 18.7 ± 0.7 kPa），平均值 ± 标准误差，分别为 XK 和 XTZ ( p < 0.001)。PaO ₂在任一时间点的处理之间没有显着差异。在两种治疗中，在补充氧气期间 HR 均降低（p < 0.001）。 XTZ 的乳酸显着低于 ( p = 0.047) 比 XK（2.2 ± 0.6对3.5 ± 0.6 mmol L ^–1) 并随着氧气补充而降低 ( p < 0.001)（4.1 ± 0.6对1.6 ± 0.6 mmol L ^–1）。在氧气呼吸期间，XTZ 中的PaCO ₂增加。

结论和临床相关性

XK 和 XTZ 治疗导致低氧血症，这对补充氧气有反应。两种处理方法都适用于研究环境下白尾鹿的固定。