Cyclins and their catalytic partners, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), control the transition between different phases of the cell cycle. CDK/cyclin activity is regulated by CDK inhibitors (CKIs), currently comprising the CDK-interacting protein/kinase inhibitory protein (CIP/KIP) family and the inhibitor of kinase (INK) family. Recent studies have identified a third group of CKIs, called ribosomal protein-inhibiting CDKs (RPICs). RPICs were discovered in the context of cellular senescence, a stable cell cycle arrest with tumor-suppressing abilities. RPICs accumulate in the nonribosomal fraction of senescent cells due to a decrease in rRNA biogenesis. Accordingly, RPICs are often downregulated in human cancers together with other ribosomal proteins, the tumor-suppressor functions of which are still under study. In this review, we discuss unique therapies that have been developed to target CDK activity in the context of cancer treatment or senescence-associated pathologies, providing novel tools for precision medicine.

细胞周期蛋白及其催化伙伴，即细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 (CDK)，控制细胞周期不同阶段之间的过渡。CDK/细胞周期蛋白活性受 CDK 抑制剂 (CKI) 的调控，目前包括 CDK 相互作用蛋白/激酶抑制蛋白 (CIP/KIP) 家族和激酶抑制剂 (INK) 家族。最近的研究确定了第三组 CKI，称为核糖体蛋白抑制 CDK (RPIC)。RPICs 是在细胞衰老的背景下发现的，这是一种具有肿瘤抑制能力的稳定细胞周期停滞。由于 rRNA 生物发生的减少，RPIC 在衰老细胞的非核糖体部分积累。因此，在人类癌症中，RPIC 与其他核糖体蛋白通常被下调，其抑癌功能仍在研究中。在这次审查中，