Gonyaulacales include a considerable number of harmful algae and to understand their origin and rise, knowledge of the evolutionary relationships is necessary. Many scientific names of protists introduced prior to the availability of DNA analytics are ambiguous and impede communication about biological species and their traits in the microbial world. Strains of Lingulodinium polyedra were established from its type locality in the Kiel Fjord (Germany) to clarify its taxonomy. Moreover, the phylogeny of Gonyaulacales was inferred based on 329 rRNA sequence accessions compiled in a curated sequence data base, with as much as possible type material equivalents included. Gonyaulacales were monophyletic and segregated into seven lineages at high systematic level, of which †Lingulodiniaceae constituted the first branch of the Gonyaulacales. Their type species had a plate formula APC (Po, X, cp), 3′, 3a, 6′′ 6c, 6s, 6′′′, 2′′′′ and is taxonomically clarified by epitypification. Recommendations for this important taxonomic tool are provided, with a focus on microorganisms. Most gonyaulacalean taxa established at generic rank are monophyletic, with Alexandrium, Coolia and Gonyaulax as notable exceptions. From an evolutionary perspective, gonyaulacalean dinophytes with quinqueform hypotheca are monophyletic and derive from a paraphyletic group showing the sexiform configuration.

ony龙科包括相当数量的有害藻类，为了了解它们的起源和生长，必须了解进化关系。在DNA分析可用之前引入的许多原生生物的科学名称是模棱两可的，并阻碍了有关微生物物种中生物物种及其特征的交流。多叶灵芝菌株是根据其在基尔峡湾（德国）的类型所在建立的，以阐明其分类法。此外，基于编纂的序列数据库中汇编的329个rRNA序列登录，推断了狼舌草的系统发育，并包括了尽可能多的类型材料等同物。ony甲科是单系的，并在高系统水平上分为七个谱系，其中L舌草科构成了au甲科的第一分支。它们的类型物种具有板式APC（Po，X，cp），3'，3a，6''，6c，6s，6'''，2''''，并通过表型化进行分类。提供了有关此重要分类工具的建议，重点是微生物。在通用的等级建立最gonyaulacalean类群的单系，与亚历山大，Coolia和膝沟藻作为显着的例外。从进化的角度来看，具有五角形假说的冈古拉卡林双生植物是单生的，并且来自显示六边形构型的副生动物群。