Cell dynamics is of crucial significance for the morphogenesis, self-repair, and other physiological and pathological processes of tissues. Collective cells exhibit greatly different dynamic behaviors from isolated cells. In this lecture, some recent advances in experimental and theoretical researches on collective cell dynamics will be presented, with particular attention paid to the biomechanical mechanisms underlying the morphomechanics of developing embryos and tumors. First, a cell division model is established for the division of interconnecting cells in a biological tissue. Coupled mechanical–chemical mechanisms involved in the multi-phase cell division are taken into account. Second, we explain why spontaneous oscillation of collective cells may occur in such biological tissues as Drosophila amnioserosa during development. It is revealed that the collective cell oscillation in an epithelium-like monolayer results from the dynamic bifurcation induced by negative feedback between mechanical strains and chemical cues. Further, we combine experimental measurements, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations to investigate the migration modes and the underlying biomechanical mechanisms of collective cells. Universal statistical laws are derived for such dynamic parameters as energies and velocities of collective cells.

EML Webinar speakers and videos are updated at https://imechanica.org/node/24098

细胞动力学对于组织的形态发生，自我修复以及其他生理和病理过程至关重要。集合细胞表现出与分离的细胞截然不同的动态行为。在本讲座中，将介绍有关集体细胞动力学的实验和理论研究的一些最新进展，尤其要注意发育中的胚胎和肿瘤的形态力学基础的生物力学机制。首先，建立用于生物组织中互连细胞分裂的细胞分裂模型。考虑了涉及多相细胞分裂的机械化学耦合机理。其次，我们解释了为什么果蝇等生物组织中可能会发生集体细胞的自发振荡羊膜发育过程中。揭示了上皮样单层中的集体细胞振荡是由机械应变和化学提示之间的负反馈引起的动态分叉引起的。此外，我们结合实验测量，理论分析和数值模拟来研究迁移模式和集体细胞的潜在生物力学机制。对于诸如电池的能量和速度之类的动态参数，导出了通用统计定律。

EML网络研讨会的演讲者和视频已更新，网址为https://imechanica.org/node/24098