The research focused on effective utilisation of fly ash (FA) from municipal waste incineration plants. FA was found to have an effect on rheological characteristics (viscosity) of cement pastes, to suppress cement hydration processes. Evidence was obtained that up to 10% of FA in hardened cement paste and mortars does no impair compressive strength characteristics. XRD analysis and SEM tests revealed that FA modified cement composites contain Friedel salt compounds, which have an effect on frost durability of cement composites. Tests of heavy metal leakage from hardened cement paste showed that the amount of heavy metals leached from specimens containing 5–10% FA did not exceed the limit values of inert waste specified in Directive 2003/33/EC. Frost durability tests showed that FA can be utilised in the manufacturing of cement composites with improved durability properties.

该研究的重点是有效利用市政垃圾焚烧厂产生的粉煤灰（FA）。发现FA对水泥浆的流变特性（粘度）有影响，可以抑制水泥的水化过程。已经获得的证据表明，硬化水泥浆和砂浆中高达10％的FA不会损害抗压强度特性。XRD分析和SEM测试表明，FA改性水泥复合材料中含有Friedel盐化合物，这对水泥复合材料的抗冻性有影响。从硬化水泥浆中重金属泄漏的测试表明，从含5-10％FA的样品中浸出的重金属量未超过指令2003/33 / EC中规定的惰性废物限值。