Purpose

A shift to a healthy and sustainable diet (as recommended by the EAT Lancet Commission) needs to have a strong societal legitimation. This makes it relevant to investigate to what extent countries are using their Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) in ways that can stimulate such a shift.

Design/methodology/approach

Given the pivotal role of protein, the authors examined what patterns of protein-related recommendations are used to guide consumers and how these patterns are related to specific contexts and societal priorities of the countries.

Findings

The analysis of data from 93 countries worldwide revealed two emerging patterns of recommendations. One pattern (found in a cluster of 23% of the countries) combined positive advice about key protein sources with limiting messages to reduce (or replace) the consumption of animal protein. The other pattern (found in a cluster of 24%) encouraged both animal and plant protein, thereby diversifying the set of protein sources, without negative advice on animal-based food sources. The two patterns of recommendations were differently associated with health and nutrition variables, including the countries' level of animal protein supply (in particular, dairy) and the prevalence of overweight individuals among adult men.

Social implications

For all stakeholders, it is of crucial importance to realize that an increasing number of countries in the world are moving in the direction of acknowledging and addressing the diet-health-environment nexus by adapting their patterns of recommendations for key protein sources.

Originality/value

This study is the first that reveals patterns in recommendations with respect to protein sources by different nations worldwide.

中文翻译：

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针对主要蛋白质来源的建议的限制与多样化模式：从健康和可持续性的角度对全球国家食品指南进行的研究

目的

转变为健康和可持续的饮食（如EAT Lancet委员会所建议）需要有很强的社会合法性。因此，有必要调查各国在多大程度上使用了基于食物的饮食指南（FBDG）来刺激这种转变。

设计/方法/方法

鉴于蛋白质的举足轻重的作用，作者研究了蛋白质相关建议的哪些模式用于指导消费者，以及这些模式如何与各国的具体情况和社会优先事项相关。

发现

对来自全球93个国家/地区的数据进行的分析揭示了两种新兴的建议模式。一种模式（在23％的国家中发现）将有关关键蛋白质来源的积极建议与限制信息相结合，以减少（或替代）动物蛋白的消费。另一种模式（约占24％）鼓励动植物蛋白质，从而使蛋白质来源多样化，而对基于动物的食物来源没有负面建议。两种建议模式与健康和营养变量有不同的联系，包括国家的动物蛋白供应水平（尤其是乳制品）和成年男性中超重个体的患病率。

社会影响

对于所有利益相关者而言，至关重要的是要认识到，世界上越来越多的国家正在通过调整其对关键蛋白质来源的建议模式，朝着承认和解决饮食与健康，环境的关系的方向发展。

创意/价值

这项研究是首次揭示全球不同国家在蛋白质来源方面的建议模式。