The systematic position of the enigmatically mycoparasitic genus Squamanita (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) together with Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota is largely unknown. Recently they were recognized as Squamanitaceae, but previous studies used few DNA markers from a restricted sample of taxa from the family and lacked a formal taxonomic treatment. In this study, with newly generated sequences of the type of the genus Squamanita, S. schreieri, and several additional species of the family, the phylogeny is reinvestigated with a concatenated (18S-5.8S-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α) dataset. This study reveals that Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Squamanita, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota are a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in Bayesian analysis and form Squamanitaceae. Phaeolepiota nested within Cystoderma; Squamanita, Leucopholiota, and Floccularia clustered together as two monophyletic subclades; and Squamanita was present as a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The family name Squamanitaceae is formally emended and a detailed taxonomic treatment is presented to accommodate the five genera. Meanwhile, another concatenated (18S-ITS-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α) dataset is used to investigate phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation in Squamanita. Our data indicates that “S. umbonata” from the Northern hemisphere forms two species complexes, one complex includes six specimens from North America, Europe, and East Asia, the other includes two specimens from Central America and North America respectively. Futhermore, species of Squamanita can parasitize species of Amanita, besides other fungal species. Squamanita mira parasitizes A. kitamagotake (A. sect. Caesareae), while S. orientalis and S. sororcula are parasites of species belonging to the A. sepiacea complex (A. sect. Validae). “Squamanita umbonata” from Italy occurs on A. excelsa (A. sect. Validae). Three new species of Squamanita from East Asia, viz. S. mira, S. orientalis and S. sororcula are documented with morphological, multi-gene phylogenetic, and ecological data, along with line drawings and photographs, and compared with similar species. A key for identification of the global Squamanita species is provided.

中文翻译：

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Squamanitaceae和新种Squamanita寄生鹅basidiomes

神秘的真菌寄生Squamanita属（Agaricales，Basidiomycota）与Cystoderma，Phaeolepiota，Floccularia和Leucopholiota一起的系统位置是未知的。最近，它们被认为是鳞科，但是以前的研究仅使用了该家族有限分类群样品中的DNA标记，并且缺乏正式的分类学治疗方法。在这项研究中，利用Squamanita属，S。schreieri属类型的新生成序列以及该家族的其他几个物种，对系统发育重新进行了级联（18S-5.8S-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α）数据集的研究。 。这项研究表明，囊皮病，毛囊菌，鳞翅目，絮状菌和白斑菌是单系进化枝，在贝叶斯分析中具有强大的统计支持，并形成鳞科。Phaeolepiota嵌套在Cystoderma内；Squamanita，白细胞和絮状体聚在一起，成为两个单系亚群。Squamanita作为单系进化枝，在最大似然法和贝叶斯分析中均具有强大的统计支持。正式修订了鳞鳞科，并提出了详细的分类学方法以适应这五个属。同时，使用另一个串联的（18S-ITS-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α）数据集来研究Squamanita的系统发生关系和物种划分。我们的数据表明，“ S。来自北半球的“ umbonata”形成两个物种复合体，一个复合体包含六个来自北美，欧洲和东亚的标本，另一个包含分别来自中美洲和北美的两个标本。此外，Squamanita的物种可以将Amanita的物种寄生，除了其他真菌种类。Squamanita mira寄生了A. kitamagotake（A. sect。凯撒利亚），而S. Orientalis和S. sororcula是属于乌贼菌A. sepiacea complex（A. sect。Validae）的物种的寄生虫。来自意大利的“ Squamanita umbonata”出现在A. excelsa（A。sect。Validae）上。来自东亚的三种新的Squamanita物种，即。有形态，多基因系统发育和生态学数据以及线条图和照片，记录了米拉链球菌，东方沙门氏菌和索氏链球菌，并与类似物种进行了比较。提供了识别全球Squamanita物种的关键。教派。Validae）。来自东亚的三种新的Squamanita物种，即。有形态，多基因系统发育和生态学数据以及线条图和照片，记录了米拉链球菌，东方沙门氏菌和索氏链球菌，并与类似物种进行了比较。提供了识别全球Squamanita物种的关键。教派。Validae）。来自东亚的三种新的Squamanita物种，即。有形态，多基因系统发育和生态学数据以及线条图和照片，记录了米拉链球菌，东方沙门氏菌和索氏链球菌，并与类似物种进行了比较。提供了识别全球Squamanita物种的关键。