Identifying correlates of brain response to food cues and taste provides critical information on individual differences that may influence variability in eating behavior. However, a few studies examine how brain response changes over repeated exposures and the individual factors that are associated with these changes. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined how brain response to a palatable taste and proceeding cues changed over repeated exposures and how individual differences in weight, familial obesity risk, dietary restraint and reward responsiveness correlate with these changes. In healthy-weight adolescents (n = 154), caudate and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) response increased with repeated cue presentations, and oral somatosensory cortex and insula response increased with repeated milkshake tastes. The magnitude of increase over exposures in the left PCC to cues was positively associated with body mass index percentile (r = 0.18, P = 0.026) and negatively associated with dietary restraint scores (r = −0.24, P = 0.003). Adolescents with familial obesity risk showed higher cue-evoked caudate response across time, compared to the low-risk group (r = 0.12, P = 0.035). Reward responsiveness positively correlated with right oral somatosensory cortex/insula response to milkshake over time (r = 0.19, P = 0.018). The results show that neural responses to food cues and taste change over time and that individual differences related to weight gain are correlated with these changes.

中文翻译：

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神经适应与食物线索和味道的相关性：肥胖风险因素的作用

识别大脑对食物线索和味道的反应的相关性提供了关于可能影响饮食行为可变性的个体差异的关键信息。然而，一些研究检查了大脑反应如何随着重复暴露而变化，以及与这些变化相关的个体因素。使用功能性磁共振成像，我们检查了大脑对可口味道的反应和过程提示如何随着重复暴露而改变，以及体重、家族性肥胖风险、饮食限制和奖赏反应性的个体差异如何与这些变化相关。在健康体重的青少年 (n = 154) 中，尾状核和后扣带皮层 (PCC) 的反应会随着重复的提示呈现而增加，而口腔体感皮层和岛叶的反应会随着反复品尝奶昔而增加。左侧 PCC 过度暴露于线索的增加幅度与体重指数百分位数呈正相关（r = 0.18，P = 0.026），与饮食克制评分呈负相关（r = -0.24，P = 0.003）。与低风险组相比，具有家族性肥胖风险的青少年随时间显示出更高的提示诱发尾状核反应 (r = 0.12，P = 0.035)。随着时间的推移，奖励反应与右侧口腔体感皮层/岛叶对奶昔的反应呈正相关 (r = 0.19，P = 0.018)。结果表明，随着时间的推移，对食物线索和味道的神经反应会发生变化，并且与体重增加相关的个体差异与这些变化相关。026）并且与饮食克制评分呈负相关（r = -0.24，P = 0.003）。与低风险组相比，具有家族性肥胖风险的青少年随时间显示出更高的提示诱发尾状核反应 (r = 0.12，P = 0.035)。随着时间的推移，奖励反应与右侧口腔体感皮层/岛叶对奶昔的反应呈正相关 (r = 0.19，P = 0.018)。结果表明，随着时间的推移，对食物线索和味道的神经反应会发生变化，并且与体重增加相关的个体差异与这些变化相关。026）并且与饮食克制评分呈负相关（r = -0.24，P = 0.003）。与低风险组相比，具有家族性肥胖风险的青少年随时间显示出更高的提示诱发尾状核反应 (r = 0.12，P = 0.035)。随着时间的推移，奖励反应与右侧口腔体感皮层/岛叶对奶昔的反应呈正相关 (r = 0.19，P = 0.018)。结果表明，随着时间的推移，对食物线索和味道的神经反应会发生变化，并且与体重增加相关的个体差异与这些变化相关。018). 结果表明，随着时间的推移，对食物线索和味道的神经反应会发生变化，并且与体重增加相关的个体差异与这些变化相关。018). 结果表明，随着时间的推移，对食物线索和味道的神经反应会发生变化，并且与体重增加相关的个体差异与这些变化相关。