Abstract

Are there individual differences in the tendency to enjoy tasks regardless of the tasks’ contents or situational determinants? To answer this question, we constructed and validated the six-item Trait Task Enjoyment Scale (TTES). In Study 1, it had an internally consistent one-factor structure (pooled N = 997); good test-retest reliabilities over 1 and 4 months; measurement invariance regarding gender (strong) and time (partial strong); and was not redundant with respect to a large number of theoretically related constructs. In Studies 2 and 3, the TTES predicted self-reported momentary task enjoyment, one of its opposites, boredom, and voluntary persistence in a free-choice paradigm. It did so for various tasks, including thirty diverse tasks presented in vignettes and a memory task in the lab. Results suggest that the TTES may predict momentary task enjoyment regardless of objective task aversiveness or, in this case, equally well for tasks with boring or enjoyable contents. The TTES addresses an important gap in current research on task enjoyment and is an adequately valid and reliable research tool.

摘要

无论任务的内容或情境决定因素如何，享受任务的倾向是否存在个体差异？为了回答这个问题，我们构建并验证了六项特质任务享受量表 (TTES)。在研究 1 中，它具有内部一致的单因子结构（汇集N = 997); 在 1 个月和 4 个月内具有良好的重测可靠性；关于性别（强）和时间（部分强）的测量不变性；并且对于大量理论上相关的结构来说并不是多余的。在研究 2 和 3 中，TTES 预测了自我报告的瞬间任务享受，它的对立面之一是无聊和自由选择范式中的自愿坚持。它为各种任务这样做，包括在小插图中呈现的 30 项不同任务和实验室中的记忆任务。结果表明，无论是否有客观的任务厌恶，TTES 都可以预测瞬间的任务享受，或者在这种情况下，对于具有无聊或令人愉快的内容的任务同样有效。TTES 解决了当前任务享受研究中的一个重要空白，是一种充分有效和可靠的研究工具。