This paper estimates the effects of airport infrastructure on employment and the distribution of the labor force in US metropolitan areas. The analysis is based on models for the air network and for its effects on employment, which are estimated using US data. Air traffic is found to have a positive effect on the population of the local area, with an elasticity of 0.010, so airport improvements induce a reallocation of workers between regions. Air traffic is also found to have a positive effect on employment in the local area with an elasticity of 0.036 and a weakly positive effect on the employment rate in other places within 400 miles. Simulations suggest that for each job created in the local area by an airport expansion, two and a half jobs are created elsewhere in the United States due to the changes in the air network and the distribution of employment. Expanding the average airport adds one job in the United States for roughly each $78,000 invested. The results further suggest that the US air network is less centralized than would be optimal.

中文翻译：

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美国机场网络及其对就业的影响

本文估计了机场基础设施对美国大都市区就业和劳动力分布的影响。该分析基于航空网络模型及其对就业的影响，这些模型使用美国数据进行估计。发现空中交通对当地人口有积极影响，弹性为 0.010，因此机场改善导致地区之间的工人重新分配。还发现空中交通对当地就业有积极影响，弹性为 0.036，对 400 英里内其他地方的就业率有微弱的积极影响。模拟表明，对于机场扩建在当地创造的每个工作岗位，由于航空网络和就业分布的变化，美国其他地方创造了两个半的工作岗位。平均每投资 78,000 美元，扩建一个机场就可以在美国增加一个工作岗位。结果进一步表明，美国航空网络的中心化程度低于最佳情况。