Renewable energy (RE) is critical for curbing global greenhouse gas emissions to achieve 2 to 4 degrees of global warming by 2100. While this is an imperative technical response to the climate crisis, the shift to renewables is also driving a surge in demand for metals and minerals used in RE. Calls are being made for “smarter” and more “responsible” forms of mining, but questions remain about the socio-economic and environmental impacts of extraction, processing, application, and disposal at multiple scales. The literature has been limited to the technical and cost-benefit dimensions of managing RE global supply chains. This article seeks to expand this focus by developing a typology of displacement that may be used to understand the socio-economic and environmental effects of onshore wind, solar photovoltaics (PV), and lithium-ion batteries. It encourages a critical analysis of how the global surge in demand for renewable energy is affecting development pathways and displacement patterns.

可再生能源（RE）对于抑制全球温室气体排放，以在2100年之前实现全球变暖2至4度至关重要。尽管这是对气候危机的当务之急，但向可再生能源的转变也推动了金属需求的激增和可再生能源中使用的矿物。人们正在呼吁采取“更智能”和更“负责任”的采矿方式，但是对于多种规模的开采，加工，使用和处置的社会经济和环境影响仍然存在疑问。文献仅限于管理可再生能源全球供应链的技术和成本效益方面。本文旨在通过开发一种位移类型来扩展这一关注点，这种位移类型可用于了解陆上风，太阳能光伏（PV）和锂离子电池的社会经济和环境影响。