Alcohol is the most frequently detected substance in drivers involved in road traffic collisions. Given that up to 35% of fatal road collisions are alcohol-related, it is important to determine the influence of alcohol intoxication on driving-related skills. This review provides an updated and systematic evaluation of the available research concerning the effect of alcohol intoxication on cognitive functions critical for driving. Databases EBSCOhost, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Transport Research International Documentation (TRID) and Web of Science were searched for controlled trials examining the effect of alcohol on divided attention, executive functioning, perception, psychomotor skills, reaction time and/or vigilance. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. We found that each of the cognitive domains assessed in this review showed impairment at blood alcohol concentrations equal to or below the legal driving limit in many jurisdictions. Future research could determine the effects of alcohol on cognitive functioning with greater accuracy by employing more consistent, reliable and comparable measures while considering the translation of deficits to real-life driving.

酒精是与道路交通事故有关的驾驶员中最常见的物质。鉴于多达35％的致命道路碰撞与酒精有关，因此确定酒精中毒对驾驶相关技能的影响非常重要。这项审查提供有关酒精中毒对驾驶至关重要的认知功能的影响的现有研究的更新和系统的评估。搜索数据库EBSCOhost，PsycInfo，PubMed，Scopus，国际运输研究文献（TRID）和Web of Science，以进行对照试验，研究酒精对注意力分散，执行功能，知觉，精神运动技能，反应时间和/或警惕性的影响。十四项研究符合纳入标准，被纳入本评价。我们发现，本评价中评估的每个认知领域在许多辖区中的血液酒精浓度等于或低于法定驾驶限制时均显示出损害。未来的研究可以通过采用更一致，可靠和可比的措施，同时考虑将赤字转化为现实驾驶，来更准确地确定酒精对认知功能的影响。