This research aims to explore expectations, perceptions (performance) and satisfactions on lean, and to investigate the effects of satisfactions of lean dimensions on total lean satisfaction from the care provider perspective. The measurement instrument was developed from literature and validated by experts, pilot tests and statistical techniques. Multiple responses were used for data collection from care providers in 220 Thai outpatient departments (OPD) to increase reliability of obtained data. Descriptive statistics were applied to examine the level of expectations, perceptions and satisfactions on lean. Paired-samples t-test and importance-performance analysis were utilized to analyze lean satisfactions by comparing performance and expectations. Multiple regressions were employed to analyze the impacts of satisfaction of individual lean dimensions on total lean satisfaction. It was found that OPD emphasized tangible process improvement. Soft aspects i.e. leadership and culture, and human resource should receive more attentions. Overall, OPD employees significantly were dissatisfied with lean, especially leadership and culture. Leadership and culture, and human resource had significant positive effects on total lean satisfaction. To enhance employee satisfaction on lean, managers should emphasize satisfactions of soft lean factors. Concentration of soft lean factors should be determined as investment rather than expense. This is one of the first studies to empirically investigate expectations, performance and satisfactions on lean, and to evaluate the influences of satisfaction of lean dimensions on total satisfaction in outpatient departments of hospitals in a developing country.

这项研究旨在探讨对精益的期望，感知（绩效）和满意度，并从护理提供者的角度调查精益维度满意度对总精益满意度的影响。该测量仪器是根据文献开发的，并经过专家，中试和统计技术的验证。来自泰国220个门诊部门（OPD）的护理提供者使用了多种回复方式来收集数据，以提高所获取数据的可靠性。描述性统计数据用于检验对精益的期望，看法和满意度的水平。配对样本的t检验和重要性-绩效分析被用来通过比较绩效和期望来分析精益满意度。采用多元回归分析个体精益尺寸满意度对总精益满意度的影响。发现OPD强调了切实的过程改进。领导，文化和人力资源等软性方面应引起更多关注。总体而言，OPD员工对精益尤其是领导和文化非常不满意。领导力和文化以及人力资源对总体精益满意度具有显着的积极影响。为了提高员工对精益的满意度，管理人员应强调对软精益要素的满意度。软精益要素的集中度应确定为投资而非支出。这是第一批以经验方式研究精益期望，绩效和满意度的研究之一，