ABSTRACT

Weed surveys provide the basis for weed management research in lowbush blueberry, but have not been conducted in Nova Scotia since 2001. Documented declines in herbicide efficacy, loss and/or acquisition of herbicide active ingredients, confirmation of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes, and documented vectoring of weed seeds by machinery necessitate a new weed survey. A total of 165 bearing year lowbush blueberry fields were surveyed from 2017 to 2019, within which approximately 211 weed species were identified. Most weed species were herbaceous perennial forbs (89 species) and woody perennials (50 species), followed by annual broadleaf (24 species) and perennial grass weeds (20 species). The remaining flora consisted of a range of ferns, biennials, sedges and rushes, and orchids. The most common weed species were red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), poverty oatgrass (Danthonia spicata L. Beauv.), haircap moss (Polytrichum commune Hedw.), hair fescue (Festuca filiformis Pourr.), narrow-leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia (L) Nutt.), tickle grass (Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) BSP.), woolly panicum (Panicum lanugosum Ell.), cow wheat (Melampyrum lineare Desr.), bunchberry (Cornus canadensis L.), and yellow hawkweed (Hieracium caespitosum Dumort). Increased occurrence of these weed species is likely the result of documented or observed reductions in hexazinone and terbacil efficacy, confirmation of triazine-resistant biotypes, and common occurrence of seeds of these weed species on machinery. Low crop prices have also caused reduced pronamide use, contributing to increased occurrence of hair fescue. Results are guiding future research priorities for weed management in lowbush blueberry.

摘要

杂草调查为低灌木蓝莓的杂草管理研究提供了基础，但自2001年以来就没有在新斯科舍省进行过。有文件证明除草剂功效下降，除草剂活性成分的损失和/或获得，对除草剂具有抗性的杂草生物型的确认以及文献记载通过机械对杂草种子进行矢量控制需要进行新的杂草调查。从2017年到2019年，共调查了165个轴承年的矮灌木蓝莓田，其中识别出约211种杂草物种。杂草种类最多的是多年生草本草（89种）和多年生木本（50种），其次是一年生阔叶（24种）和多年生草（20种）。其余的植物群包括各种蕨类植物，双年生植物，莎草和灌木丛以及兰花。最常见的杂草种类是红浆草（Rumex acetosella L.），贫穷的燕麦草（Danthonia spicata L.Beauv 。），毛发苔藓（Polytrichum commune Hedw。），毛羊茅（Festuca filiformis Pourr。），窄叶金毛（（Euthamia graminifolia（L）Nutt。），痒痒草（Agrostis hyemalis（Walter）BSP。），羊毛panicum（Panicum lanugosum Ell。），牛小麦（Melampyrum lineare Desr。），束树莓（Cornus canadensis L.），和黄霍乱（Hieracium caespitosumDumort）。这些杂草物种增加的发生可能是由于已记录或观察到的六嗪酮和特巴西林功效降低，三嗪抗性生物型的确证以及这些杂草物种在机械上的常见发生。较低的农作物价格还导致减少了丙烯酰胺的使用，导致头发羊茅的发生率增加。研究结果指导了矮灌木蓝莓杂草处理的未来研究重点。