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The Effects of Visual Complexity and Decluttering Methods on Visual Search and Target Detection in Cockpit Displays
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 , DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2021.1890491
May Jorella Lazaro 1 , Yohan Kang 2 , Myung Hwan Yun 3 , Sungho Kim 3
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Efficient visual search and accurate target detection are crucial during flight operations. Despite the continuous effort to improve cockpit displays, visual complexity remains to be a problem that affects pilots’ search and detection performance. This has become more evident with the integration of high fidelity and information loaded cockpit displays of the fifth-generation fighter aircraft. One known but often overlooked solution to mitigate the problem with visual complexity is by decluttering. This study aims to provide an objective definition of visual complexity in cockpit displays and investigate its effects on visual search time and target detection accuracy. Moreover, it also aims to compare the visual search and target detection performance across different decluttering methods. Lastly, it intends to propose threat-based criteria for decluttering information in cockpit displays. The present study is divided into three sections, each addressing one of the three main objectives of this research. In study 1, visual search time and target detection accuracy were compared across three conditions that consist of displays with varying levels of visual complexity (low, medium and high). Visual complexity is operationally defined as the combination of different features (color, shape and orientation) and its variations (e.g., color: red, green, white). In study 2, differences in visual search time and target detection accuracy across four decluttering methods (dimming, dotting, small sizing and removal) and between groups (pilot and non-pilot) were analyzed. In study 3, through AHP analysis a threat scoring equation was proposed and tested. The results of the first study suggest that increased visual complexity leads to an increase in visual search time and more target detection errors. On the other hand, findings from the latter study revealed that there is a significant difference in the visual search time and target detection accuracy between different decluttering methods. Moreover, group differences were found when the threat scoring equation was applied to the targets. The results of the present study could provide inferences on how to alleviate the adverse effects of visual complexity through the utilization of effective decluttering methods, which in turn could further improve pilots’ overall performance.



中文翻译:

视觉复杂度和整理方法对驾驶舱显示器中视觉搜索和目标检测的影响

摘要

有效的视觉搜索和准确的目标检测在飞行操作中至关重要。尽管不断努力改善驾驶舱的显示效果,但视觉复杂性仍然是一个影响飞行员搜索和检测性能的问题。随着第五代战斗机的高保真度和信息加载的座舱显示器的集成,这一点变得更加明显。一种减轻视觉复杂性问题的已知但经常被忽视的解决方案是通过整理。这项研究旨在为座舱显示器中的视觉复杂性提供客观的定义,并研究其对视觉搜索时间和目标检测精度的影响。此外,它的目的还在于比较不同杂乱处理方法的视觉搜索和目标检测性能。最后,它打算为驾驶舱显示器中的信息整理提供基于威胁的标准。本研究分为三个部分,每个部分针对本研究的三个主要目标之一。在研究1中,比较了三种条件下的视觉搜索时间和目标检测精度,这些条件包括具有不同视觉复杂度(低,中和高)的显示器。视觉复杂性在操作上定义为不同特征(颜色,形状和方向)及其变化(例如颜色:红色,绿色,白色)的组合。在研究2中,分析了四种整理方法(变暗,点缀,小尺寸和去除)以及组(飞行员和非飞行员)之间的视觉搜索时间和目标检测精度的差异。在研究3中,通过AHP分析,提出并测试了威胁评分方程。第一项研究的结果表明,视觉复杂性的提高导致视觉搜索时间的增加和目标检测错误的增加。另一方面,后一项研究的发现表明,在不同的杂波处理方法之间,视觉搜索时间和目标检测精度存在显着差异。此外,将威胁评分方程应用于目标时,发现了群体差异。本研究的结果可以提供关于如何通过使用有效的整理方法来减轻视觉复杂性的不利影响的推断,从而可以进一步改善飞行员的整体表现。第一项研究的结果表明,视觉复杂性的提高导致视觉搜索时间的增加和目标检测错误的增加。另一方面,后一项研究的发现表明,在不同的杂波处理方法之间,视觉搜索时间和目标检测精度存在显着差异。此外,将威胁评分方程应用于目标时,发现了群体差异。本研究的结果可以提供关于如何通过使用有效的整理方法来减轻视觉复杂性的不利影响的推断,从而可以进一步改善飞行员的整体表现。第一项研究的结果表明,视觉复杂性的提高导致视觉搜索时间的增加和目标检测错误的增加。另一方面,后一项研究的发现表明,在不同的杂波处理方法之间,视觉搜索时间和目标检测精度存在显着差异。此外,将威胁评分方程应用于目标时,发现了群体差异。本研究的结果可以提供关于如何通过使用有效的整理方法来减轻视觉复杂性的不利影响的推断,从而可以进一步改善飞行员的整体表现。后者的研究结果表明,在不同的杂波处理方法之间,视觉搜索时间和目标检测精度存在显着差异。此外,将威胁评分方程应用于目标时,发现了群体差异。本研究的结果可以提供关于如何通过使用有效的整理方法来减轻视觉复杂性的不利影响的推断,从而可以进一步改善飞行员的整体表现。后者的研究结果表明,在不同的杂波处理方法之间,视觉搜索时间和目标检测精度存在显着差异。此外,将威胁评分方程应用于目标时,发现了群体差异。本研究的结果可以提供关于如何通过使用有效的整理方法来减轻视觉复杂性的不利影响的推断,从而可以进一步改善飞行员的整体表现。

更新日期:2021-03-29
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