ABSTRACT

This long-term fertilization experiment was conducted since 1981, included non-fertilization (NF), chemical fertilizer (CF), double chemical fertilizer (DCF) and chemicals with organic fertilizer (COF). In 2017, soil samples were collected at the tillering, heading and maturity stages of early-season rice (Oryza sativa L.). The activities of urease (UR), α-glucosidase (AG), glucosaminidase (NAG), β-1,4 glucosidase (BG), β-cellobiosidase (CBH), β-xylosidase (BXYL), acid phosphatase (ACP), phenoloxidase (POX) and peroxidase (PER) were measured. The activities of AG, NAG, BG, CBH, BXYL, ACP and POX in the maturity stage were significantly higher than in the tillering stage by 343.0%, 153.4%, 55.0%, 8.5%, 1791.5%, 1237.7% and 1179.4%, respectively. Compared with the CF treatment, the activities of UR, AG, BG, and POX in the COF treatment increased by 33.5%, 23.3%, 19.5% and 40.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, both CBH and ACP in the COF treatment were higher than in the DCF treatment by 33.4% and 66.7%, respectively. A significant relationship was identified between UR/PER activities and soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium/rice biomass using the redundancy analysis method. Therefore, the application of organic and chemical fertilizers could increase most enzymatic activities and soil productivity. UR and PER were key factors indicating soil nutrient turnover and rice growth.

摘要

这项长期施肥试验从1981年开始进行，包括不施肥（NF）、化肥（CF）、双化肥（DCF）和化学加有机肥（COF）。2017年在早稻分蘖、抽穗和成熟阶段采集土壤样品（Oryza sativa L.)。脲酶 (UR)、α-葡萄糖苷酶 (AG)、氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG)、β-1,4 葡萄糖苷酶 (BG)、β-纤维二糖酶 (CBH)、β-木糖苷酶 (BXYL)、酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)、测量酚氧化酶（POX）和过氧化物酶（PER）。成熟期AG、NAG、BG、CBH、BXYL、ACP和POX的活性显着高于分蘖期343.0%、153.4%、55.0%、8.5%、1791.5%、1237.7%和1179.4%，分别。与CF处理相比，COF处理中UR、AG、BG和POX的活性分别提高了33.5%、23.3%、19.5%和40.1%。同时，COF 处理中的 CBH 和 ACP 分别比 DCF 处理高 33.4% 和 66.7%。UR/PER 活动与土壤有效氮、磷、钾/水稻生物量采用冗余分析法。因此，施用有机肥和化肥可以提高大部分酶活性和土壤生产力。UR 和 PER 是指示土壤养分周转和水稻生长的关键因素。