Localization is considered as an important research concept for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). It performs significant role in diverse routing methods, estimating the node position and node recovery. In UASNs, localization methods have different characteristics compared with the terrestrial networks. The challenges involved in UASNs are varying water temperature and pressure, time synchronization of beacon nodes, complicated ocean currents, and positioning of nodes. To overcome these challenges, a virtual node is deployed using the Nelder–Mead algorithm with the static localization method. In this study, two types of localization methods namely static and dynamic methods are considered and a virtual node is deployed in a static localization manner. Since anchor nodes cannot communicate to the entire network for localization additionally, virtual nodes are deployed to measure the received signal strength indicator and error ratio for effective transmission. In addition “GPS node” is equipped with a ship for easy deployment without communication overhead. The simulation result justifies that static localization for an autonomous underwater sensor networks perform with better coverage rate without time synchronization and acoustic transmission overhead.

中文翻译：

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使用 Nelder-Mead 算法对智能城市进行水声传感器网络的静态定位

定位被认为是水声传感器网络（UASNs）的一个重要研究概念。它在各种路由方法中发挥重要作用，估计节点位置和节点恢复。在UASNs中，定位方法与地面网络相比具有不同的特点。UASN 面临的挑战是水温和压力的变化、信标节点的时间同步、复杂的洋流和节点的定位。为了克服这些挑战，使用 Nelder-Mead 算法和静态定位方法部署了一个虚拟节点。在这项研究中，考虑了两种定位方法，即静态方法和动态方法，并以静态定位方式部署虚拟节点。由于锚节点无法额外与全网通信进行定位，因此部署虚拟节点来测量接收信号强度指标和误码率以进行有效传输。此外，“GPS 节点”配备了船舶，便于部署，无需通信开销。仿真结果证明，自主水下传感器网络的静态定位在没有时间同步和声学传输开销的情况下具有更好的覆盖率。