Body size and environment influence both intraspecific and interspecific variation in daily torpor use across hummingbirds,Functional Ecology

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Body size and environment influence both intraspecific and interspecific variation in daily torpor use across hummingbirds
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13782
Austin R. Spence ₁ , Morgan W. Tingley _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Torpor, or a regulated drop in body temperature and metabolic rate, allows animals to inhabit energetically costly environments, but among torpor‐using species, we have a poor understanding of how plasticity in torpor use relates to the experienced environment.
To better understand the ecology of daily torpor, we completed the largest study to date on the intraspecific variation of daily torpor use in hummingbirds by exposing 149 individuals of two hummingbird species to ambient or experimentally cooled temperatures in a field setting.
The smaller species, a latitudinal migrant, used daily torpor frequently under ambient conditions. The larger species, an elevational migrant, also used daily torpor regularly, but further increased the frequency of daily torpor use when experiencing colder temperatures and prior to migration—indicating a facultative adaptation.
To place our results within a broader phylogenetic context, we combined our experimental results with a meta‐analysis, including 31 species and all major hummingbird clades, and found a broad taxonomic pattern in which smaller hummingbirds are more likely to use daily torpor than their larger counterparts. Smaller hummingbirds may be physiologically constrained, requiring nearly obligate daily torpor use, while larger hummingbirds are physiologically more flexible and can facultatively respond to changing environmental conditions.
Our results reveal how physiological traits, such as the frequency and depth of daily torpor, can provide a mechanism to understand how hummingbird species have established and persisted across broad environmental gradients.

中文翻译：

体型和环境会影响蜂鸟每日使用火炬的种内和种间差异

Torpor或体温和新陈代谢率的下降，使动物能够栖息在能量消耗高的环境中，但是在使用Torpor的物种中，我们对使用Torpor的可塑性与经验环境之间的关系知之甚少。
为了更好地了解日常使用的蜂鸟的生态，我们通过将两种蜂鸟的149个人暴露在田野环境中或实验性冷却的温度下，完成了迄今为止关于蜂鸟日常使用的种内变化的最大研究。
较小的物种是一种纬向迁徙，每天在环境条件下经常使用火炬。较大的物种（高海拔迁徙者）也定期使用日常的火炬，但是在遇到较冷的温度和迁移之前，进一步增加了日常使用火炬的频率-表明兼职适应。
为了将我们的结果放在更广阔的系统发育背景下，我们将实验结果与荟萃分析相结合，包括31种和所有主要的蜂鸟进化枝，并发现了一种广泛的分类模式，在这种分类中，较小的蜂鸟比较大的蜂鸟更可能使用日常鸟r同行。较小的蜂鸟可能会受到生理上的限制，几乎每天都必须使用火炬，而较大的蜂鸟在生理上会更加灵活，并且可以适应不断变化的环境条件。
我们的研究结果揭示了生理特征，例如日常烘烤的频率和深度，如何提供一种机制来了解蜂鸟物种如何在广泛的环境梯度中建立并持续存在。

更新日期：2021-04-06

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