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Progress Toward High Power Output in Thermionic Energy Converters
Advanced Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 , DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003812 Matthew F Campbell 1 , Thomas J Celenza 1 , Felix Schmitt 2 , Jared W Schwede 2 , Igor Bargatin 1
Advanced Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 , DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003812 Matthew F Campbell 1 , Thomas J Celenza 1 , Felix Schmitt 2 , Jared W Schwede 2 , Igor Bargatin 1
Affiliation
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Thermionic energy converters are solid‐state heat engines that have the potential to produce electricity with efficiencies of over 30% and area‐specific power densities of 100 Wcm−2. Despite this prospect, no prototypes reported in the literature have achieved true efficiencies close to this target, and many of the most recent investigations report power densities on the order of mWcm−2 or less. These discrepancies stem in part from the low‐temperature (<1300 K) test conditions used to evaluate these devices, the large vacuum gap distances (25–100 µm) employed by these devices, and material challenges related to these devices' electrodes. This review will argue that, for feasible electrode work functions available today, efficient performance requires generating output power densities of >1 Wcm−2 and employing emitter temperatures of 1300 K or higher. With this result in mind, this review provides an overview of historical and current design architectures and comments on their capacity to realize the efficiency and power potential of thermionic energy converters. Also emphasized is the importance of using standardized efficiency metrics to report thermionic energy converter performance data.
中文翻译：
热离子能量转换器高功率输出的进展
热离子能量转换器是固态热机，其发电效率超过 30%，单位面积功率密度可达 100 Wcm -2。尽管有这样的前景，但文献中报道的原型还没有达到接近该目标的真正效率，并且许多最近的研究报告功率密度约为 mWcm -2或更小。这些差异部分源于用于评估这些器件的低温（<1300 K）测试条件、这些器件采用的大真空间隙距离（25-100 µm）以及与这些器件电极相关的材料挑战。本综述认为，对于当今可行的电极功函数，高效的性能需要产生 >1 Wcm -2的输出功率密度并采用 1300 K 或更高的发射器温度。考虑到这一结果，本综述概述了历史和当前的设计架构，并对其实现热离子能量转换器的效率和功率潜力的能力进行了评论。还强调了使用标准化效率指标来报告热离子能量转换器性能数据的重要性。
更新日期：2021-05-05
中文翻译：
热离子能量转换器高功率输出的进展
热离子能量转换器是固态热机，其发电效率超过 30%，单位面积功率密度可达 100 Wcm -2。尽管有这样的前景，但文献中报道的原型还没有达到接近该目标的真正效率，并且许多最近的研究报告功率密度约为 mWcm -2或更小。这些差异部分源于用于评估这些器件的低温（<1300 K）测试条件、这些器件采用的大真空间隙距离（25-100 µm）以及与这些器件电极相关的材料挑战。本综述认为，对于当今可行的电极功函数，高效的性能需要产生 >1 Wcm -2的输出功率密度并采用 1300 K 或更高的发射器温度。考虑到这一结果，本综述概述了历史和当前的设计架构，并对其实现热离子能量转换器的效率和功率潜力的能力进行了评论。还强调了使用标准化效率指标来报告热离子能量转换器性能数据的重要性。
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