In Germany, household waste is collected via a door-to-door collection system. This form of waste collection is already reaching its limits due to the increasing volume of household waste and lack of space for even more dustbins, especially in densely populated cities. In this paper we investigate an alternative collection system: an underground waste collection system in which waste would be collected at central locations in so-called underground containers with a much larger capacity. If an underground container system is to be introduced to replace the present door-to-door waste collection system, a number of decisions of varying scope have to be made: Where should the underground containers be placed? How much capacity should be provided at which collection site? Which household should dispose of its waste where? How often, when and in what order should the waste collection vehicles empty the containers? In this paper we develop a model to illustrate the combination of the underlying problems by extending a problem known from literature. We present both hierarchical and integrated approaches to solve it. The proposed solution approaches combine in different ways two variable neighborhood search heuristics and a mixed integer programming-based exact method. We show that great benefits can be achieved through the use of integrated solution approaches. But we show too that integrated solution approaches do not necessarily dominate hierarchical ones.

在德国，家庭垃圾是通过上门收集系统收集的。由于家庭垃圾数量不断增加，而且垃圾箱空间不足，尤其是在人口稠密的城市，这种垃圾收集方式已经达到极限。在本文中，我们研究了一种替代收集系统：一种地下废物收集系统，其中废物将在中心位置收集在具有更大容量的所谓地下容器中。如果要引入地下集装箱系统来取代目前的门到门垃圾收集系统，则必须做出一系列不同范围的决定：地下集装箱应该放置在哪里？应该在哪个收集站点提供多少容量？哪个家庭应该在哪里处理垃圾？多常，垃圾收集车应该在什么时候以及以什么顺序清空容器？在本文中，我们开发了一个模型，通过扩展文献中已知的问题来说明潜在问题的组合。我们提出了分层和集成的方法来解决它。所提出的解决方案以不同的方式结合了两种可变邻域搜索启发式和一种基于混合整数规划的精确方法。我们表明，通过使用集成解决方案方法可以获得巨大的好处。但我们也表明，集成解决方案方法不一定主导分层解决方案。我们提出了分层和集成的方法来解决它。所提出的解决方案以不同的方式结合了两种可变邻域搜索启发式和一种基于混合整数规划的精确方法。我们表明，通过使用集成解决方案方法可以获得巨大的好处。但我们也表明，集成解决方案方法不一定主导分层解决方案。我们提出了分层和集成的方法来解决它。所提出的解决方案以不同的方式结合了两种可变邻域搜索启发式和一种基于混合整数规划的精确方法。我们表明，通过使用集成解决方案方法可以获得巨大的好处。但我们也表明，集成解决方案方法不一定主导分层解决方案。