Nonylphenol (NP) is widely known for its estrogenic activity on organisms, but its influence on biochemical processes executed by complex microbiota is still unclear. The dose-specific effects of NP on sludge anaerobic digestion by shaping acidification and methanogenesis were reported. Both low (50 mg/kg) and high (1000 mg/kg) NP doses were beneficial to acidification and aceticlastic methanogenesis (AM), and high NP dose further stimulated hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (HM). Stable isotope probing analysis indicated that the predominant methanogenic pathway was shifted from AM to a combination of AM and HM as NP dose increased. Acidogenic and methanogenic consortia were accumulated and restructured by NP in favor of acidification and substrate-based methanogenesis. Acidification-related genes for bioconversion of substrates into acetate (glycolysis, stickland reaction and pyruvate metabolism), acetate transportation and microbial robust performance were enriched with both low and high NP doses. Methanogenesis-related genes encoding acetyl-CoA dehydrogenase/synthetase (CODH/ACS) in aceticlastic pathway and transporters for coenzyme synthesis were enhanced by both NP doses. Besides, high NP dose promoted a majority of genes in CO₂-reduction pathway and key material transporters for coenzyme F420 and heterodisulfide reductase synthesis. This study shed light on complex microbial processes rather than certain organisms affected by NP with dose-specific pattern at genetic level and had implications in resource utilization of sludge containing refractory organics.

壬基酚（NP）因其对生物体的雌激素活性而广为人知，但其对复杂微生物群执行的生化过程的影响仍不清楚。NP对污泥厌氧消化通过形成酸化和产甲烷作用的剂量特异性作用已有报道。低（50 mg / kg）和高（1000 mg / kg）NP剂量均有利于酸化和破弹性甲烷生成（AM），而高NP剂量则进一步刺激了氢营养性甲烷生成（HM）。稳定的同位素探测分析表明，随着NP剂量的增加，主要的产甲烷途径已从AM转变为AM和HM的组合。产酸和产甲烷的财团通过NP积累和重组，有利于酸化和基于底物的产甲烷作用。低和高NP剂量均丰富了与酸化相关的基因，可将底物生物转化为乙酸（糖酵解，stickland反应和丙酮酸代谢），乙酸盐转运和微生物健壮性能。NP剂量均增强了抗碎裂途径中编码乙酰辅酶A脱氢酶/合成酶（CODH / ACS）的产甲烷相关基因和辅酶合成的转运蛋白。此外，高NP剂量促进了CO中的大多数基因辅酶F420和异二硫键还原酶合成的_2-还原途径和关键物质转运蛋白。这项研究揭示了复杂的微生物过程，而不是受NP影响的某些生物在基因水平上具有剂量特异性模式，并且对含难处理有机物的污泥的资源利用产生了影响。