To investigate the role of granular activated carbon (GAC) on nitrogen removal performance of elemental sulfur-based constructed wetlands (S⁰-based CWs), three systems were constructed according to the different configurations in the functional layer, namely S-CW (S⁰ added in the functional layer), CSC-CW (GAC, S⁰ and GAC placed in layers in the functional layer) and SC-CW (S⁰ and GAC mixed evenly in the functional layer). In CSC-CW and SC-CW, the volumetric ratio of S⁰:GAC was 9:1. Three CWs were operated under four different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranged from 48 h to 6 h. Over the experiment, total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal rates of the three CWs were 3.1 – 23.6 g m⁻² d⁻¹, 3.5 – 24.1 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 3.4 – 11.5 g m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively; CSC-CW remained high TIN removal efficiency (from 74.7 ± 20.2 % to 93.4 ± 1.9 %) while SC-CW had significant lower values when HRT = 6 h (29.8 ± 30.1 %). Mass balance and high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that mixotrophic denitrification at the sulfur layer and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) at the rhizosphere played the major role in N removal from CSC-CW (> 95 %). GAC addition facilitated the growth of Iris pseudacorus with the final fresh weight increased from 33.9 g_FW ind⁻¹ to 82.3 g_FW ind⁻¹ in CSC-CW and 82.7 g_FW ind⁻¹ in SC-CW. This study optimizes the practical application of S⁰-based CWs amended with GAC for N removal from carbon-limited wastewater.

为了研究粒状活性炭（GAC）在单质硫基人工湿地（S ⁰型CW）的脱氮性能中的作用，根据功能层中的不同配置构建了三个系统，即S-CW（S在功能层中添加⁰），CSC-CW（GAC，S ⁰和GAC置于功能层中）和SC-CW（S ⁰和GAC在功能层中均匀混合）。在CSC-CW和SC-CW中，S ⁰ ∶GAC的体积比为9∶1。三个CW在48 h至6 h的四个不同的水力停留时间（HRT）下运行。在整个实验过程中，这三个化学废物的总无机氮（TIN）去除率为3.1 – 23.6 gm ^-2d ^-1，3.5 - 24.1克^-2 d ^-1和3.4 - 11.5克^-2 d ^-1，分别; CSC-CW保持较高的TIN去除率（从74.7±20.2％到93.4±1.9％），而HRT = 6 h时，SC-CW的值明显较低（29.8±30.1％）。质量平衡和高通量测序分析表明，硫层上的混合营养反硝化作用和根际上同时硝化-反硝化作用（SND）在CSC-CW脱氮（> 95％）中起主要作用。GAC的添加促进了鸢尾鸢尾的生长，最终鲜重从33.9 g _FW ind ^-1增加到82.3 g _FW ind ^-1CSC-CW中的重量和82.7 g _FW ind ^-1在SC-CW中。这项研究优化了经GAC修正的基于S ⁰的CW的实际应用，可从限碳废水中去除N。