The goal of this study was the exclusive deposition of phosphorus-containing coatings via the non-thermal plasma polymerization of triisopropyl phosphate (TIPP) on 3D-printed poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds intended for bone tissue engineering. Given the difficulty of implementing a homogeneous surface treatment throughout porous scaffolds, a novel and appropriate atmospheric pressure plasma jet was used. In-situ analysis of the reactive species involved in the polymerization process using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) revealed the presence of P(II) and P(I) ions, CH, C2, O and CO species. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out at pre-determined locations on the top and throughout the cross-section of the scaffolds, which showed the uniform incorporation of O- and P-containing groups on the whole construct. This resulted in enhanced surface wettability and slightly enhanced surface roughness as perceived by water contact angle (WCA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. The in vivo ability of the scaffolds to promote apatite growth was evaluated via their biomimetic immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Interestingly, apatite deposits were successfully formed on the surface of the P-rich coating covering the scaffolds. Overall, one can conclude that this novel plasma-assisted deposition of homogeneous P-containing coatings on complex porous 3D structures enhances their osteo-bioactivity and thus, supporting bone tissue regeneration.

这项研究的目的是通过磷酸三异丙酯（TIPP）的非热等离子体聚合在用于骨组织工程的3D打印的聚ε-己内酯（PCL）支架上独家沉积含磷涂层。考虑到难以在整个多孔支架上实施均一的表面处理，因此使用了新颖且合适的大气压等离子体射流。原位使用光发射光谱法（OES）对参与聚合过程的反应性物质的分析显示，存在P（II）和P（I）离子，CH，C2，O和CO物质。X射线光电子能谱（XPS）在支架的顶部和整个横截面上的预定位置进行，这表明在整个构建体上均匀地掺入了含O和P的基团。通过水接触角（WCA），场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）测量，可以提高表面润湿性并稍微提高表面粗糙度。在体内通过将其仿生浸入模拟体液（SBF）中来评估支架促进磷灰石生长的能力。有趣的是，磷灰石沉积物成功地形成在覆盖支架的富含P的涂层表面上。总的来说，可以得出结论，这种在复杂的多孔3D结构上均匀地含P涂层的新型等离子体辅助沉积增强了它们的骨生物活性，从而支持了骨组织的再生。