Ailanthus altissima, the invasive forest tree commonly known as the tree-of-heaven, has been associated with decreased levels of plant species richness and native species diversity. However, this relationship with resident plants has been inconsistently found and the tree’s influence on the seedbank has yet to be studied. To further understand the long-term impact of this tree, ten paired invaded-uninvaded sites were identified in Virginia, USA in a variety of different-aged stands. The herbaceous and woody understories for each plot were inventoried and soil samples were collected and grown out for 34 weeks in a greenhouse. All plants were identified to the most detailed taxonomic level possible. In total, 35 woody understory species, 62 herbaceous understory taxa, and 77 seedbank taxa were identified. The relationship between A. altissima presence and i) the proportion of individual plants that are native, ii) the proportion of species that are native, iii) the native diversity, and iv) the nonnative diversity were analyzed. In addition, models including the invasion age were also considered. We show that A. altissima invasions were associated with a decrease in the proportion of native plants and species in the understory, but not in the seedbank. Nonnative woody diversity also increased with A. altissima presence. Additionally, the impact on the nativity of the woody understory became more extreme over time. We end by discussing the benefits of both managing A. altissima invasions early to limit its overall impact and including the management of other nonnative plants in A. altissima restoration plans.

臭椿入侵性森林树（通常称为天堂树）与植物物种丰富度和本地物种多样性的降低有关。但是，这种与常驻植物的关系并不一致，并且该树对种子库的影响尚待研究。为了进一步了解这棵树的长期影响，在美国弗吉尼亚州的各种不同年龄的林分中，确定了十对成对入侵和未入侵的站点。盘点了每个田地的草本和木质林下材料，并收集了土壤样品，并在温室中生长了34周。所有植物均已确定到最详细的分类标准。总共确定了35种木质林下种，62种草本林下分类群和77种种子库分类群。altissima之间的关系存在性和i）本土植物的比例，ii）本土物种的比例，iii）本土多样性和iv）非本土多样性进行了分析。此外，还考虑了包括入侵年龄在内的模型。我们表明，A。altissima入侵与下层而非种子库中本地植物和物种比例的下降有关。非自然木质多样性也随着A. altissima的存在而增加。另外，随着时间的流逝，对木本林木的诞生的影响变得更加极端。最后，我们讨论了尽早处理A. altissima入侵以限制其总体影响以及包括管理其他非本地植物的益处。A. altissima恢复计划。