Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications have attracted significant attention from both academia and industry. To facilitate the large-scale usage of UAVs for various applications in practice, we provide a comprehensive survey on the prototype and experiment for UAV communications. To this end, we first provide an overview on the general architecture of the prototype and experiment for UAV communications, and then present experimental verification for air-to-ground channel models and UAV energy consumption models. Next, we discuss measurement experiments on two promising paradigms of UAV communications, namely cellular-connected UAVs and UAV-enabled aerial communication platforms. For the former, we focus on the feasibility study and address the interference mitigation issue. For UAV-enabled aerial communication platforms, we present three scenarios, namely UAV-enabled aerial base stations, UAV-enabled aerial relays and UAV-enabled aerial data collection/dissemination. Finally, we point out some promising future directions for prototype and experimental measurements of UAV communications.

无人机通信已经引起了学术界和工业界的极大关注。为了在实践中促进无人机在各种应用中的大规模使用，我们对无人机通信的原型和实验进行了全面的调查。为此，我们首先概述无人机通信的原型和实验的总体架构，然后介绍空对地通道模型和无人机能耗模型的实验验证。接下来，我们讨论两种有希望的无人机通信范例的测量实验，即蜂窝连接的无人机和支持无人机的空中通信平台。对于前者，我们专注于可行性研究并解决干扰缓解问题。对于启用了无人机的空中通信平台，我们介绍了三种情况，即启用了无人机的空中基站，启用了无人机的空中中继和启用了无人机的空中数据收集/分发。最后，我们为无人机通信的原型和实验测量指出了一些有希望的未来方向。