Public authorities in infrastructure, aiming to facilitate societal initiatives, explore new forms of collaboration with nongovernmental actors. A comparative case study of two Dutch initiatives is conducted: energy generation at a public dam and the realization of a nature reserve. It is analyzed how and why the authorities’ strategy regarding their nongovernmental partners changes over time. Authorities’ strategy change is modeled on two axes: governmental investments and governmental influence, and a differentiation is made between limited facilitation, invitational facilitation, partnering, and Design, Build, Finance, Maintain, and Operate. A U-turn-shaped pattern in authorities’ strategy is found: Authorities move from partnering to limited facilitation and subsequently revert to invitational facilitation. Institutional factors, process factors, and initiative characteristics are identified that explain the strategy changes. It is concluded that government facilitation is a dynamic, interactive process and that authorities adapt their strategy to the initiative at hand and are pragmatic in their approach.

中文翻译：

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政府便利化的大转变：荷兰水务当局如何便利非政府倡议

基础设施领域的公共当局旨在促进社会倡议，探索与非政府行为者合作的新形式。对荷兰的两项举措进行了比较案例研究：公共水坝发电和自然保护区的实现。分析了当局关于其非政府合作伙伴的策略如何以及为何随时间变化。当局的战略变化以两个轴为模型：政府投资和政府影响力，并在有限便利、邀请便利、合作以及设计、建设、融资、维护和运营之间进行了区分。当局的策略出现了一个 U 形转弯模式：当局从合作转向有​​限促进，随后又恢复到邀请促进。制度因素，过程因素和主动性特征被确定来解释战略变化。结论是，政府促进是一个动态的、互动的过程，当局根据手头的举措调整其战略，并在其方法上务实。