In this paper, we first document trends in the gender composition of academic economists over the past 25 years, the extent to which these trends encompass the most elite departments, and how women's representation across fields of study within economics has changed. We then review the recent literature on other dimensions of women's relative position in the discipline, including research productivity and income, and assess evidence on the barriers that female economists face in publishing, promotion, and tenure.While underlying gender differences can directly affect the relative productivity of men and women, due to either differential constraints or preferences, productivity gaps do not fully explain the gender disparity in promotion rates in economics. Furthermore, the progress of women has stalled relative to that in other disciplines in the past two decades. We propose that differential assessment of men and women is one important factor in explaining this stalled progress, reflected in gendered institutional policies and apparent implicit bias in promotion and editorial review processes.

中文翻译：

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经济学中的妇女：进展停滞

在本文中，我们首先记录了过去25年中学术经济学家性别构成的趋势，这些趋势在多大程度上涵盖了最精英的部门，以及女性在经济学各个研究领域的代表情况如何发生了变化。然后，我们回顾了有关女性在该学科相对地位的其他方面的最新文献，包括研究生产率和收入，并评估了女性经济学家在出版，晋升和任期方面面临的障碍的证据。男女生产率的差异，或者由于差异性的限制或偏好，生产率的差距不能完全解释经济学中晋升率的性别差异。此外，在过去的二十年中，女性的进步相对于其他学科而言一直停滞不前。我们认为，对男女的差异评估是解释这一停滞进展的重要因素，这一点反映在性别化的机构政策以及晋升和编辑审查过程中明显的隐性偏见上。