The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer is a particle physics detector focusing on the search for dark matter, the existence of antimatter, the origin and composition of cosmic rays from primordial sources in the universe and the exploration of new physics in space. Important features of the elementary particle (proton, antiproton, positron and election) fluxes in cosmic rays are presented: (1) The proton spectrum has a smooth hardening from 200 GeV; (2) antiproton and positron spectra show excess from traditional physics background; (3) in particular, the positron flux shows a source term with a cutoff energy of 810 GeV, which raises the question of its source; (4) the origin of the energetic electrons is different from that of positrons and (5) the identical momentum dependence of primary and secondary cosmic ray nuclei fluxes are also reviewed.

中文翻译：

---

国际空间站阿尔法磁谱仪测量宇宙射线中粒子通量特性的新见解

阿尔法磁谱仪是一种粒子物理探测器，专注于寻找暗物质、反物质的存在、来自宇宙原始源的宇宙射线的起源和组成以及探索太空新物理。介绍了宇宙线中基本粒子（质子、反质子、正电子和电子）通量的重要特征：（1）质子光谱从200 GeV开始平滑硬化；(2) 反质子和正电子光谱显示超出传统物理背景；(3) 特别是正电子通量显示了一个截止能量为 810 GeV 的源项，这引发了它的源问题；(4) 高能电子的起源不同于正电子的起源； (5) 还回顾了初级和次级宇宙线核通量的相同动量依赖性。