Nowadays, the use of sensor nodes for the IoT is widespread; nodes that compose these networks must possess self-organizing capabilities and communication protocols that require less energy consumption during communication procedures. In this work, we propose the design and analysis of an energy harvesting system using bioelectricity harvested from mint plants that aids in powering a particular design of a wireless sensor operating in a continuous monitoring mode. The system is based on randomly turning nodes ON (active nodes) and OFF (inactive nodes) to avoid their energy depletion. While a node is in an inactive state, it is allowed to harvest energy from the surroundings. However, while the node is harvesting energy from its surroundings, it is unable to report data. As such, a clear compromise is established between the amount of information reported and the lifetime of the network. To finely tune the system’s parameters and offer an adequate operation, we derive a mathematical model based on a discrete Markov chain that describes the main dynamics of the system. We observe that with the use of mint plants, the harvested energy is of the order of a few Joules; nonetheless, such small energy values can sustain a wireless transmission if correctly adapted to drive a wireless sensor. If we consider the lowest mean harvested energy obtained from mint plants, such energy can be used to transmit up to 259,564 bits or can also be used to receive up to 301,036 bits. On the other hand, if we consider the greatest mean harvested energy, this energy can be used to transmit up to 2,394,737 bits or can also be used to receive up to 2,777,349 bits.

中文翻译：

---

基于节点剩余能量和薄荷厂收获能量的无线传感器网络分析与设计

如今，在物联网中传感器节点的使用已经很广泛。组成这些网络的节点必须具有自组织能力和通信协议，这些协议需要在通信过程中消耗较少的能量。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种利用从薄荷植物中收集的生物电来进行能量收集的系统的设计和分析，该系统有助于为以连续监控模式运行的无线传感器的特定设计提供动力。该系统基于随机打开节点（活动节点）和关闭节点（非活动节点）以避免其能量耗尽。当节点处于非活动状态时，允许它从周围环境中收集能量。但是，当节点从其周围收集能量时，它无法报告数据。因此，在报告的信息量和网络的生存期之间建立了明确的折衷方案。为了微调系统参数并提供适当的操作，我们基于离散的马尔可夫链得出了一个数学模型，该模型描述了系统的主要动力。我们观察到，使用薄荷植物，收获的能量约为几焦耳。但是，如果正确地适应驱动无线传感器，那么这么小的能量值就可以维持无线传输。如果我们考虑从薄荷植物获得的最低平均收获能量，则该能量可用于传输多达259,564位，也可用于接收多达301,036位。另一方面，如果我们考虑最大的平均收获能量，则该能量最多可用于传输2,394，