Variation and change are different but easily confused (Gordon 1991). Variation is due to differences among individuals at a point in time. A reaction norm, due to differences among genotypes in their response to a particular environmental condition, leads to variation among genotypes at a point in time (Gupta and Lewontin 1982). By contrast, change happens over time. Developmental plasticity is a trajectory over time, from changes in how individuals respond to conditions (Sultan 2015).

中文翻译：

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行为的变化和变化：对Loftus等的评论。

变化和变化是不同的，但很容易混淆（Gordon 1991）。差异是由于某个时间点个体之间的差异而引起的。由于基因型在对特定环境条件的反应中存在差异，因此反应规范会导致某个时间点的基因型之间发生差异（Gupta和Lewontin 1982）。相反，随着时间的流逝发生变化。发展可塑性是随着时间变化的轨迹，这是由于个体对条件的反应方式发生了变化（Sultan 2015）。