Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic, vector-borne infectious disease of ruminants and camels transmitted mainly by the Aedes and Culex mosquito species. Contact with the blood or organs of infected animals may infect humans. Its etiological factor is the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) of the Phlebovirus genus and Bunyaviridae family. Sheep and goats are most susceptible to infection and newborns and young individuals endure the most severe disease course. High abortion rates and infant mortality are typical for RVF; its clinical signs are high fever, lymphadenitis, nasal and ocular secretions and vomiting. Conventional diagnosis is done by the detection of specific IgM or IgG antibodies and RVFV nucleic acids and by virus isolation. Inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines obtained from virulent RVFV isolates are available for livestock. RVF is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, but in the last two decades, it was also reported in other African regions. Seropositive animals were detected in Turkey, Tunisia and Libya. The wide distribution of competent vectors in non-endemic areas coupled with global climate change threaten to spread RVF transboundarily. The EFSA considers the movement of infected animals and vectors to be other plausible pathways of RVF introduction into Europe. A very low risk both of introduction of the virus through an infected animal or vector and of establishment of the virus, and a moderate risk of its transmission through these means was estimated for Poland. The risk of these specific modes of disease introduction into Europe is rated as very low, but surveillance and response capabilities and cooperation with the proximal endemic regions are recommended.

中文翻译：

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裂谷热–对人类和动物的威胁日益增加

裂谷热（RVF）是一种主要由伊蚊和库克斯蚊子传播的反刍动物和骆驼的人畜共患的媒介传播传染病。与受感染动物的血液或器官接触可能会感染人类。其病原学因素是壶形病毒属和布尼亚病毒科的裂谷热病毒（RVFV）家庭。绵羊和山羊最容易受到感染，新生儿和年轻人忍受着最严重的疾病。RVF的高流产率和婴儿死亡率是典型的现象。其临床体征为高烧，淋巴结炎，鼻和眼分泌物和呕吐。常规诊断是通过检测特异性IgM或IgG抗体和RVFV核酸并通过病毒分离来完成的。从强毒RVFV分离株获得的灭活和减毒活疫苗可用于家畜。RVF在撒哈拉以南非洲和阿拉伯半岛很流行，但是在过去的二十年中，在其他非洲地区也有报道。在土耳其，突尼斯和利比亚发现了血清反应阳性的动物。非传染病地区主管媒介的广泛分布，再加上全球气候变化，有可能使RVF跨境传播。EFSA认为，被感染的动物和媒介的运动是RVF进入欧洲的其他合理途径。在波兰，估计通过感染的动物或载体引入病毒和建立病毒的风险非常低，而且通过这些手段传播病毒的风险也很低。将这些特定疾病模式引入欧洲的风险被认为是非常低的，但是建议监测和响应能力以及与近端流行地区的合作。在波兰，估计通过感染的动物或载体引入病毒和建立病毒的风险非常低，而且通过这些手段传播病毒的风险也很低。将这些特定疾病模式引入欧洲的风险被认为是非常低的，但是建议监测和响应能力以及与近端流行地区的合作。在波兰，估计通过感染的动物或载体引入病毒和建立病毒的风险非常低，而且通过这些手段传播病毒的风险也很低。将这些特定疾病模式引入欧洲的风险被认为是非常低的，但是建议监测和响应能力以及与近端流行地区的合作。