Research on glass cliff political candidacies shows that compared to men, women are more likely to run for office in districts where they are likely to lose. We examined if party differences in whether female candidates face these worse conditions in the United States could account for persistent and growing party and state variation in women’s representation. Using election data from 2011 to 2016, we compared Republican versus Democratic candidacies at the state legislative level. We found that women in both parties faced glass cliffs in House races, but not in the Senate. For Republican women, glass cliff conditions accounted for worse election outcomes, but Democratic women were more likely to win when these conditions were considered. Variation in party by state measures of glass cliff effects were also found to explain state variation in women’s office holding. We found that for Democrats, more women win when more women run, but for Republicans, more women win only when the seats they face are more winnable. These results point to the role of polarized traditional versus progressive political ideologies in structuring the motives which underlie glass cliff conditions for women in politics, suggesting that practical solutions be tailored to party. To overcome the growing gap in women’s representation, current efforts to increase the quantity of women running would be complemented by a focus on improving the quality of contests they face, with Republican women most likely to benefit. Further research attending to the multiple sources of variation which impact gendered election outcomes can inform more targeted solutions for advancing equality. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684321992046

对玻璃悬崖政治候选人的研究表明，与男性相比，女性更有可能在可能会流失的地区竞选公职。我们检查了政党之间的差异是否可以看出女性候选人是否在美国面临着这些更恶劣的条件，这可以解释政党和州在女性代表性上的持续和不断变化。使用2011年至2016年的选举数据，我们在州立法层面比较了共和党候选人和民主党候选人。我们发现，在众议院竞选中，双方的妇女都面临着玻璃悬崖，但在参议院中却没有。对于共和党女性来说，玻璃悬崖条件导致了较差的选举结果，但考虑到这些条件，民主党女性更有可能获胜。还发现了各州因玻璃悬崖效应而引起的政党变化，也可以解释女性担任办公室职务时的政党变化。我们发现，对于民主党人来说，当更多的妇女参选时，更多的妇女会获胜；而对于共和党人来说，只有当她们面对的席位更可取胜时，才会有更多的妇女获胜。这些结果表明，两极分化的传统政治意识形态与进步政治意识形态在构成动机的基础上起着作用，这些动机构成了妇女在政治上的悬崖峭壁条件，这表明应针对党派制定切实可行的解决方案。为了克服妇女代表权方面日益扩大的差距，目前为增加妇女竞选人数所作的努力将以提高她们所面临的比赛质量为重点，而共和党妇女最有可能从中受益。可在PWQ的网站上找到本文的其他在线材料，网址为http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684321992046