Abstract

Translation occurring on cytoplasmic mRNA is precisely governed at three consecutive stages, including initiation, elongation and termination. A growing body of evidence has revealed that an emerging epitranscriptomic code N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A), asymmetrically present in a large subset of coding and non-coding transcripts, is crucially required for mediating the translatomic stability. Through recruiting translation machinery proteins, serving as a physical barrier, or directing RNA structural rearrangement and mRNA looping formation, m⁶A has been decoded to modulate translational dynamics through potentially influencing the progress of different stages, thereby forming an additional layer of complexity to the regulation of translation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how m⁶A guides mRNA translation under normal and stress conditions, highlighting the divergent molecular mechanisms of multifarious regulation of m⁶A-mediated translation.

摘要

发生在细胞质 mRNA 上的翻译在三个连续阶段精确控制，包括起始、延伸和终止。越来越多的证据表明，新出现的表观转录组代码 N ⁶ -甲基腺苷(m ⁶ A) 不对称地存在于一大群编码和非编码转录本中，对于介导翻译稳定性至关重要。通过招募翻译机制蛋白，作为物理屏障，或指导 RNA 结构重排和 mRNA 环形成，m ⁶A 已被解码以通过潜在地影响不同阶段的进展来调节翻译动态，从而为翻译调节形成额外的复杂层。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对 m ⁶ A如何在正常和应激条件下指导 mRNA 翻译的理解，突出了 m ⁶ A 介导的翻译的多种调控的不同分子机制。