Particle-in-cell simulations are performed to study the wakefield and the energy loss of a train of micro-bunches passing through background plasmas. The wakefield and the energy loss are found to be directly connected to the interval of each micro-bunch. If the interval is once the length of the wakefield wavelength, the wakefield excited by each micro-bunch will be superimposed. The energy loss of the micro-bunch increases along the bunch train. On the other hand, if the interval is 1.5 times the length of the wakefield wavelength, the wakefield almost disappears. Micro-bunches on the odd position of the train will transfer their energies to the plasma, and then, these energies are absorbed by the subsequent even micro-bunches. Thus, the total energy loss of the train is greatly reduced.

中文翻译：

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微束列车穿过等离子体的尾流场和能量损失研究

执行细胞内粒子模拟以研究穿过背景等离子体的一系列微束的尾流场和能量损失。发现尾流场和能量损失与每个微束的间隔直接相关。如果间隔为尾波波长的一次长度，则每个微束激发的尾波会叠加。微束的能量损失沿着束列增加。另一方面，如果间隔是尾场波长长度的 1.5 倍，尾场几乎消失。火车奇数位置上的微束将它们的能量转移到等离子体，然后，这些能量被随后的偶数微束吸收。从而大大降低了列车的总能量损失。