Ear‐related traits are crucial factors in grain yield, and understanding the genetic analysis of these traits provides important insights into maize breeding. This study derived a F_5:6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population including 201 families from a cross between KA105 and KB020 lines. Genotyping by target sequencing was then used to construct a high‐density genetic map with 2,248 markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the following six ear‐related traits were identified under four environmental conditions, including self‐pollination and open pollination, using the complete interval mapping method: ear length, fruit length, ear diameter, ear row number, kernel number per row and kernel number per ear. Forty‐eight QTLs were detected on all chromosomes, except chromosomes 7 and 9, with 4.13%–17.16% phenotypic variation explanation (PVE). Among them, five QTLs were identified across at least two environments and five QTLs were associated with more than two traits. Three pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected by single environment analysis. This research provides insights into genetic mechanisms and molecular marker‐assisted selection related to the improvement of ear‐related traits in maize.

中文翻译：

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玉米不同授粉处理下与穗相关性状的遗传分析

与耳朵相关的性状是谷物产量的关键因素，了解这些性状的遗传分析可为玉米育种提供重要的见识。这项研究得出了F _5：6重组自交系（RIL）作图群体，包括来自KA105和KB020系之间杂交的201个科。然后通过靶标测序进行基因分型，以构建具有2,248个标记的高密度遗传图谱。使用完整的间隔作图方法，在四种环境条件下，包括自花授粉和开放授粉，确定了以下六个与耳朵相关的性状的数量性状位点（QTL）：穗长，果实长，穗直径，穗行数，籽粒每行编号和每个耳朵的内核编号。除7号和9号染色体外，所有染色体上均检测到48个QTL，表型变异说明（PVE）为4.13％–17.16％。其中，在至少两个环境中鉴定出五个QTL，并且五个QTL与两个以上的性状相关。通过单环境分析检测到三对上位QTL。这项研究提供了与改善玉米穗相关性状有关的遗传机制和分子标记辅助选择的见解。