Three dimensional (3D) printing of heart patches usually provides the ability to precisely control cell location in 3D space. Here, one‐step 3D printing of cardiac patches with built‐in soft and stretchable electronics is reported. The tissue is simultaneously printed using three distinct bioinks for the cells, for the conducting parts of the electronics and for the dielectric components. It is shown that the hybrid system can withstand continuous physical deformations as those taking place in the contracting myocardium. The electronic patch is flexible, stretchable, and soft, and the electrodes within the printed patch are able to monitor the function of the engineered tissue by providing extracellular potentials. Furthermore, the system allowed controlling tissue function by providing electrical stimulation for pacing. It is envisioned that such transplantable patches may regain heart contractility and allow the physician to monitor the implant function as well as to efficiently intervene from afar when needed.

中文翻译：

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具有用于性能调节的内置电子设备的心脏贴片的一步式 3D 打印

心脏贴片的三维 (3D) 打印通常提供在 3D 空间中精确控制细胞位置的能力。在这里，报告了具有内置柔软和可拉伸电子设备的心脏贴片的一步 3D 打印。使用三种不同的生物墨水同时打印组织，用于细胞、电子器件的导电部分和电介质组件。结果表明，混合系统可以承受收缩心肌中发生的连续物理变形。电子贴片柔韧、可拉伸且柔软，印刷贴片内的电极能够通过提供细胞外电位来监测工程组织的功能。此外，该系统允许通过为起搏提供电刺激来控制组织功能。