Four guanidine-phosphate ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized successfully and the antiwear property was tested as additives with various concentrations in different basic oils, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) and polyethylene glycogen (PEG200), respectively. The results showed that all four ILs had excellent friction-reducing and antiwear property under high load (300 N) both at room temperature and 100 °C. Through analyzing the tribological morphology, chemical composition and tribofilm microstructure of wear scars surface by SEM, 3D profile, XPS and FIB-TEM, the antiwear mechanism of ILs was revealed. In DOP, the enhanced antiwear property after adding additives was attributed to both form electrostatically adsorbed layer to avoid the direct contact of friction pairs and the synergy effect of phosphine and nitrogen element to produce a chemical-film (about 13.5 nm) on the metal substrate. However, in PEG200, the excellent antiwear property after adding additives was due to the guanidine ILs effectively reduce the interaction of base oil molecules under high load because of the proton-like structure of guanidine-phosphate ILs. This will help to guide the design of new lubrication additives according to basic oils.

成功合成了四种磷酸胍盐离子液体（ILs），并分别在不同基础油，邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DOP）和聚乙二醇糖原（PEG200）中测试了各种浓度添加剂的抗磨性能。结果表明，在室温和100°C的高负载（300 N）下，所有四种IL均具有优异的减摩和抗磨性能。通过SEM，3D轮廓，XPS和FIB-TEM分析磨损痕表面的摩擦学形态，化学成分和摩擦膜微观结构，揭示了离子液体的抗磨机理。在DOP中，加入添加剂后增强的抗磨性能归因于既形成了静电吸附层，又避免了摩擦副的直接接触，以及磷化氢和氮元素的协同​​作用，从而在金属基材上产生了一层化学膜（约13.5 nm）。然而，在PEG200中，由于胍-ILs的质子样结构，胍ILs在高负荷下有效地降低了基础油分子的相互作用，因此添加添加剂后的优异的抗磨性能。这将有助于根据基础油指导设计新的润滑添加剂。加入胍后的优异的抗磨性能是由于胍-ILs的质子样结构有效地降低了高负荷下基础油分子的相互作用。这将有助于根据基础油指导设计新的润滑添加剂。加入胍后的优异的抗磨性能是由于胍-ILs的质子样结构有效地降低了高负荷下基础油分子的相互作用。这将有助于根据基础油指导设计新的润滑添加剂。