Immune regulation has an important role in cancer development, particularly in organs with continuous exposure to environmental pathogens, such as the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Chronic liver inflammation can lead to the development of hepatobiliary cancers, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), or combined HCC (cHCC)-CCA. In this review, we discuss the link between oxidative stress and the hepatic immune compartments, as well as how these factors trigger hepatocyte damage, proliferation, and eventually cancer initiation and its sustainment. We further give an overview of new anticancer therapies based on immunomodulation.

免疫调节在癌症发展中具有重要作用，特别是在持续暴露于环境病原体的器官中，例如肝脏和胃肠道。慢性肝脏炎症可导致肝胆癌的发展，即肝细胞癌 (HCC)、肝内胆管癌 (iCCA) 或联合 HCC (cHCC)-CCA。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了氧化应激与肝脏免疫区室之间的联系，以及这些因素如何触发肝细胞损伤、增殖，并最终引发癌症及其维持。我们进一步概述了基于免疫调节的新抗癌疗法。