This study presents the development and characterization of polyurethane foams synthesized with biopolyols obtained using an industrial residue, the black liquor (BL), and glycerol (GL), in two grades of purity: high purity (P.A.), and crude (blond) from biodiesel production. For the biopolyol synthesis, GL with different purity grades and BL (0 and 15 wt.%) were reacted with castor oil. The glycerolysis with BL was performed without the use of catalyst due to the high basicity of black liquor, which was used without prior purification, reducing the use of chemical inputs. The biopolyols produced were characterized and applied to obtain polyurethane foams (PUFs) using water as a chemical blowing agent. The foams were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, apparent density, insoluble fraction, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical resistance. The results showed that the biopolyol source and amount of blowing agent influenced the morphology of the foam, and therefore, the mechanical behavior of the polymeric material. The biopolyol produced with the black liquor and glycerol P.A. (BP-1) presented the highest hydroxyl index (593 mg KOH/g) and the foams obtained showed apparent densities in the range of 14.6–75.9 kg/m³. Thereby, this work has shown that it is possible to prepare biopolyols that can be used in the production of polyurethane foams from the use of black liquor and other renewable materials.

这项研究介绍了使用生物多元醇合成的聚氨酯泡沫的开发和特性，该生物多元醇是使用工业残留物，黑液（BL）和甘油（GL）制成的，具有两种纯度：高纯度（PA）和粗制（混浊）。生物柴油生产。对于生物多元醇的合成，将具有不同纯度等级的GL和BL（0和15 wt。％）与蓖麻油反应。由于黑液的高碱性，使用BL进行的甘油水解反应无需使用催化剂，而黑液无需事先纯化即可使用，从而减少了化学原料的使用。对生产的生物多元醇进行表征，并使用水作为化学发泡剂将其应用于获得聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱，扫描电子显微镜，表观密度，不溶性分数，热重分析和机械阻力。结果表明，生物多元醇的来源和发泡剂的量会影响泡沫的形态，从而影响聚合物的机械性能。用黑液和甘油PA（BP-1）生产的生物多元醇具有最高的羟指数（593 mg KOH / g），所获得的泡沫的表观密度在14.6-75.9 kg /m³范围内。因此，这项工作表明，有可能通过使用黑液和其他可再生材料来制备可用于生产聚氨酯泡沫的生物多元醇。用黑液和甘油PA（BP-1）生产的生物多元醇具有最高的羟指数（593 mg KOH / g），所获得的泡沫的表观密度在14.6-75.9 kg /m³范围内。因此，这项工作表明，有可能通过使用黑液和其他可再生材料来制备可用于生产聚氨酯泡沫的生物多元醇。用黑液和甘油PA（BP-1）生产的生物多元醇具有最高的羟指数（593 mg KOH / g），所获得的泡沫的表观密度在14.6-75.9 kg /m³范围内。因此，这项工作表明，有可能通过使用黑液和其他可再生材料来制备可用于生产聚氨酯泡沫的生物多元醇。