To reduce internal residual stress and homogenize micro-property of hot-rolled ferrite steel, the cold compression deformation method with small reduction rate has been performed in the hot-rolled samples, and X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation test have been used to detect the residual stress and micro-property. The samples with deformation rate of 0–5.59% or annealing at 550 °C are analyzed. The results show that, due to the coupling effect of thermal expansion and cold contraction and the volume expansion of microstructural transformation from austenite to ferrite, compressive residual stress was found inside the hot-rolled samples. With the increase in cold compression deformation, the dislocation density increased and the microhardness increased gradually, and there is no obvious rule for the change of mean nano-hardness in micro-zone for the center of samples. However, the uniformity of nano-hardness in the micro-zone increased first and then decreased, and the value of residual stress has obvious corresponding relationship with the uniformity of micro-zone property. The cold compression deformation with appropriate reduction rate can reduce residual stress and improve nano-hardness uniformity of the hot-rolled samples, but more deformation (such as reduction rate ε = 5.59%) makes residual stress increase and makes uniformity of nano-hardness deteriorate.

为了降低内部残余应力并使热轧铁素体钢的微观性能均匀化，对热轧样品进行了压下率较小的冷压缩变形方法，并采用了X射线衍射和纳米压痕试验来检测铁素体钢的组织。残余应力和微观性质。分析了变形率为0–5.59％或在550°C退火的样品。结果表明，由于热膨胀和冷收缩的耦合效应以及从奥氏体到铁素体的显微组织转变的体积膨胀，在热轧样品中发现了压缩残余应力。随着冷压缩变形的增加，位错密度增加，显微硬度逐渐增加，对于样品中心，微区平均纳米硬度的变化没有明显的规律。然而，微区中纳米硬度的均匀性先升高后降低，残余应力的值与微区性质的均匀性具有明显的对应关系。具有适当压缩率的冷压缩变形可以减少残余应力并改善热轧样品的纳米硬度均匀性，但变形更大（例如压缩率）。ε  ＝ 5.59％）使残余应力增加并且使纳米硬度的均匀性变差。