Abstract

This study examines TiAlN and CrAlSiN coatings with a thickness of 0.8–4.0 μm deposited by plasma-assisted physical vapor deposition in vacuum on nitrided and carburized steel substrates. The coatings have different structural morphologies: a homogeneous monolayer structure, a multilayer structure with different-thickness layers, and a heterogeneous multiphase structure. A range of coating mechanical properties, including hardness H and elastic modulus E, as well as special properties characterizing the resistance to elastic H/E and plastic H³/E² deformation is studied by indentation testing at different loads. The applicability of PVD coatings for increasing the wear resistance of splines in heavily loaded friction pairs is investigated. Tribological tests were conducted on a friction machine at a load comparable to the working loads in the spline contact region. A multilayer coating showed better mechanical characteristics than a monolayer one. The strength of the multilayer coating deposited on a solid substrate increased with decreasing layer thickness. The most structure sensitive mechanical characteristic is the plastic deformation resistance H³/E², which increases considerably at a nanoscale layer thickness (<100 nm), while the hardness H and elastic deformation resistance H/E depend weakly on the layer thickness. Unlike the mechanical properties, the structure of the coatings is not always a significant wear resistance parameter. The dominant factor in the conducted tests is the wear mechanisms. TiAlN coatings are shown to rapidly degrade and wear out due to oxidative wear. CrAlSiN coatings under the same test conditions wear off by the fatigue mechanism. The coatings with a heterogeneous multiphase nanostructure exhibit the best mechanical properties and high wear resistance under severe friction conditions.

中文翻译：

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物理气相沉积沉积的涂层耐磨性的结构方面

摘要

这项研究研究了在真空下在氮化和渗碳钢基底上通过等离子体辅助物理气相沉积法沉积的厚度为0.8-4.0μm的TiAlN和CrAlSiN涂层。涂层具有不同的结构形态：均质的单层结构，具有不同厚度层的多层结构和异质的多相结构。一系列涂层机械性能，包括硬度H和弹性模量E，以及表征弹性H / E和塑料H ³ / E ^2的特殊性能通过在不同载荷下的压痕测试来研究变形。研究了PVD涂层在重载摩擦副中提高花键耐磨性的适用性。在摩擦机上进行了摩擦测试，其载荷与花键接触区域中的工作载荷相当。多层涂层显示出比单层涂层更好的机械特性。沉积在固体基材上的多层涂层的强度随层厚度的减小而增加。对结构最敏感的机械特性是塑性变形抵抗力H ³ / E ²，在纳米级层厚度（<100 nm）时，塑性变形抵抗力H ³ / E ²显着增加，而硬度H弹性变形阻力H / E与层厚的关系较小。与机械性能不同，涂层的结构并不总是重要的耐磨性参数。进行测试的主要因素是磨损机理。TiAlN涂层由于氧化磨损而迅速降解并磨损。在相同的测试条件下，CrAlSiN涂层会由于疲劳机理而磨损。具有异质多相纳米结构的涂层在苛刻的摩擦条件下表现出最佳的机械性能和高耐磨性。