Introduction:

Although multiple neurologic manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described in adults, there is little information about those presented in children. Here, we described neurologic manifestations associated with COVID-19 in the pediatric population.

Methods:

Retrospective case series report. We included patients younger than 18 years, admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurologic manifestations at our hospital in Santiago, Chile. Demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory results, radiologic and neurophysiological studies, treatment, and outcome features were described. Cases were described based on whether they presented with predominantly central or peripheral neurologic involvement.

Results:

Thirteen of 90 (14.4%) patients admitted with confirmed infection presented with new-onset neurologic symptoms and 4 patients showed epilepsy exacerbation. Neurologic manifestations ranged from mild (headache, muscle weakness, anosmia, ageusia), to severe (status epilepticus, Guillain-Barré syndrome, encephalopathy, demyelinating events).

Conclusions:

We found a wide range of neurologic manifestations in children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In general, neurologic symptoms were resolved as the systemic presentation subsided. It is essential to recognize and report the main neurologic manifestations related to this new infectious disease in the pediatric population. More evidence is needed to establish the specific causality of nervous system involvement.

中文翻译：

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与儿童 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关的神经系统特征：病例系列报告

介绍：

尽管已在成人中描述了与 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关的多种神经系统表现，但关于儿童中出现的神经系统表现的信息很少。在这里，我们描述了儿科人群中与 COVID-19 相关的神经系统表现。

方法：

回顾性病例系列报告。我们纳入了 18 岁以下的患者，这些患者在我们智利圣地亚哥的医院因确诊的 SARS-CoV-2 感染和神经系统表现而入院。描述了人口统计学、临床表现、实验室结果、放射学和神经生理学研究、治疗和结果特征。病例的描述是基于它们是否主要表现为中枢或周围神经系统受累。

结果：

90 名确诊感染的患者中有 13 名 (14.4%) 出现新发神经系统症状，4 名患者出现癫痫发作。神经系统表现从轻度（头痛、肌肉无力、嗅觉丧失、老年性丧失）到重度（癫痫持续状态、格林-巴利综合征、脑病、脱髓鞘事件）不等。

结论：

我们在确诊的 SARS-CoV-2 感染儿童中发现了广泛的神经系统表现。一般而言，随着全身表现消退，神经系统症状得到解决。在儿科人群中识别和报告与这种新传染病相关的主要神经系统表现至关重要。需要更多证据来确定神经系统受累的具体因果关系。