High Quality Mobile Virtual Reality (VR) is what the incoming graphics technology era demands: users around the world, regardless of their hardware and network conditions, can all enjoy the immersive virtual experience. However, the state-of-the-art software-based mobile VR designs cannot fully satisfy the realtime performance requirements due to the highly interactive nature of user's actions and complex environmental constraints during VR execution. Inspired by the unique human visual system effects and the strong correlation between VR motion features and realtime hardware-level information, we propose Q-VR, a novel dynamic collaborative rendering solution via software-hardware co-design for enabling future low-latency high-quality mobile VR. At software-level, Q-VR provides flexible high-level tuning interface to reduce network latency while maintaining user perception. At hardware-level, Q-VR accommodates a wide spectrum of hardware and network conditions across users by effectively leveraging the computing capability of the increasingly powerful VR hardware. Extensive evaluation on real-world games demonstrates that Q-VR can achieve an average end-to-end performance speedup of 3.4x (up to 6.7x) over the traditional local rendering design in commercial VR devices, and a 4.1x frame rate improvement over the state-of-the-art static collaborative rendering.

中文翻译：

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Q-VR：面向未来移动协作虚拟现实的系统级设计

高质量的移动虚拟现实（VR）是图形技术时代即将来临的要求：世界各地的用户，无论其硬件和网络条件如何，都可以享受身临其境的虚拟体验。但是，由于用户动作的高度交互性和VR执行过程中复杂的环境约束，基于软件的最新移动VR设计无法完全满足实时性能要求。受到独特的人类视觉系统效果以及VR运动功能与实时硬件级别信息之间强大关联的启发，我们提出了Q-VR，这是一种通过软件-硬件协同设计的新颖动态协作渲染解决方案，可实现未来的低延迟高延迟优质的移动VR。在软件级别，Q-VR提供灵活的高级调整界面，以减少网络延迟，同时保持用户的感知力。在硬件级别，Q-VR通过有效利用功能日益强大的VR硬件的计算能力，在整个用户中适应了广泛的硬件和网络条件。对现实世界游戏的广泛评估表明，与商用VR设备中的传统本地渲染设计相比，Q-VR可以实现3.4倍（最高6.7倍）的平均端到端性能加速，并且帧速率提高4.1倍最新的静态协作渲染。