VPIC is a general purpose Particle-in-Cell simulation code for modeling plasma phenomena such as magnetic reconnection, fusion, solar weather, and laser-plasma interaction in three dimensions using large numbers of particles. VPIC's capacity in both fidelity and scale makes it particularly well-suited for plasma research on pre-exascale and exascale platforms. In this paper we demonstrate the unique challenges involved in preparing the VPIC code for operation at exascale, outlining important optimizations to make VPIC efficient on accelerators. Specifically, we show the work undertaken in adapting VPIC to exploit the portability-enabling framework Kokkos and highlight the enhancements to VPIC's modeling capabilities to achieve performance at exascale. We assess the achieved performance-portability trade-off through a suite of studies on nine different varieties of modern pre-exascale hardware. Our performance-portability study includes weak-scaling runs on three of the top ten TOP500 supercomputers, as well as a comparison of low-level system performance of hardware from four different vendors.

中文翻译：

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VPIC 2.0：下一代单元内粒子模拟

VPIC是通用的单元中粒子模拟代码，用于使用大量粒子在三维中对诸如磁性重新连接，聚变，太阳天气和激光-等离子体相互作用等等离子体现象进行建模。VPIC在保真度和规模上的能力使其特别适合在exascale和exascale平台上进行血浆研究。在本文中，我们演示了准备以百亿分之一秒运行的VPIC代码所涉及的独特挑战，概述了使VPIC在加速器上高效的重要优化措施。具体来说，我们展示了为使VPIC适应可移植性支持框架Kokkos而进行的工作，并重点介绍了VPIC建模功能的增强，以实现亿亿级性能。我们通过对九种不同的现代百亿亿次级硬件进行研究，评估了所实现的性能与便携性之间的权衡。我们的性能可移植性研究包括在前十大TOP500超级计算机中的三台上进行的弱扩展，以及对来自四个不同供应商的硬件的低级系统性能的比较。