Characterization of the personalized protein corona (PC) that forms around nanomaterials upon exposure to human plasma is emerging as powerful technology for early cancer detection. However, low material stability and interbatch variability have limited its clinical application so far. Here, we present a nanoparticle-enabled blood (NEB) test that uses 120 nm gold nanoparticles (NPs) as the accumulator of blood plasma proteins. In the test, the personalized PC of gold NPs is characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. As a paradigmatic case study, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was chosen due to the lack of effective detection strategies that lead to poor survival rate after diagnosis (<1 year) and extremely low 5-years survival rate (15–20%). Densitometric analysis of 75 protein patterns (28 from healthy subjects and 47 from PDAC patients) allowed us to distinguish nononcological and PDAC patients with good sensitivity (78.6%) and specificity (85.3%). The gold NEB test is completely aligned to affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end users criteria stated by the World Health Organization for cancer screening and detection. Thus, it could be very useful in clinical practice at the first level of investigation to decide whether to carry out more invasive analyses or not.

中文翻译：

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通过金纳米粒子的个性化蛋白冠进行高效的胰腺癌检测

在暴露于人体血浆时围绕纳米材料形成的个性化蛋白质电晕 (PC) 的表征正在成为早期癌症检测的强大技术。然而，迄今为止，材料稳定性低和批次间可变性限制了其临床应用。在这里，我们提出了一种启用纳米粒子的血液 (NEB) 测试，该测试使用 120 nm 金纳米粒子 (NP) 作为血浆蛋白的蓄积器。测试中，金纳米颗粒的个性化PC通过十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行表征。作为典型案例研究，选择胰腺导管腺癌 (PDAC) 是因为缺乏有效的检测策略，导致诊断后生存率低（<1 年）和 5 年生存率极低（15-20%）。75 种蛋白质模式（28 种来自健康受试者和 47 种来自 PDAC 患者）的密度计量分析使我们能够以良好的敏感性 (78.6%) 和特异性 (85.3%) 区分非肿瘤患者和 PDAC 患者。黄金 NEB 测试完全符合世界卫生组织规定的负担得起、灵敏、特异、用户友好、快速且稳健、无需设备且可交付给最终用户的癌症筛查和检测标准。因此，在临床实践的第一级研究中决定是否进行更具侵入性的分析可能非常有用。无需设备，可交付给最终用户，由世界卫生组织规定的癌症筛查和检测标准。因此，在临床实践的第一级研究中决定是否进行更具侵入性的分析可能非常有用。无需设备，可交付给最终用户，由世界卫生组织规定的癌症筛查和检测标准。因此，在临床实践的第一级研究中决定是否进行更具侵入性的分析可能非常有用。