Fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) constructs to model body tissues and organs can contribute to research into tissue development and models for studying disease, as well as supporting preclinical drug screening in vitro. Furthermore, 3D constructs can also be used for diagnosis and therapy of disease conditions via lab on a chip and microarrays for diagnosis and engineered products for tissue repair, replacement, and regeneration. While cell culture approaches for studying tissue development and disease in two dimensions are long-established, the translation of this knowledge into 3D environments remains a fertile field of research. In this Tutorial, we specifically focus on the application of biosynthetic hydrogels for neural cell encapsulation. The Tutorial briefly covers background on using biosynthetic hydrogels for cell encapsulation, as well as common fabrication techniques. The Methods section focuses on the hydrogel design and characterization, highlighting key elements and tips for more effective approaches. Coencapsulation of different cell types, and the challenges associated with different growth and maintenance requirements, is the main focus of this Tutorial. Much care is needed to blend different cell types, and this Tutorial provides tips and insights that have proven successful for 3D coculture in biosynthetic hydrogels.

中文翻译：

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构建神经细胞负载仿生结构的三维共培养物的挑战和解决方案

制造三维 (3D) 构建体来模拟身体组织和器官有助于研究组织发育和疾病研究模型，以及支持体外临床前药物筛选. 此外，3D 构建体还可以通过芯片实验室和微阵列用于诊断和用于组织修复、替换和再生的工程产品，用于疾病状况的诊断和治疗。虽然用于研究二维组织发育和疾病的细胞培养方法早已建立，但将这些知识转化为 3D 环境仍然是一个肥沃的研究领域。在本教程中，我们特别关注生物合成水凝胶在神经细胞封装中的应用。本教程简要介绍了使用生物合成水凝胶进行细胞封装的背景，以及常见的制造技术。方法部分侧重于水凝胶的设计和表征，重点介绍更有效方法的关键要素和技巧。不同细胞类型的共封装，以及与不同增长和维护要求相关的挑战，是本教程的主要重点。混合不同的细胞类型需要非常小心，本教程提供的技巧和见解已被证明可成功用于生物合成水凝胶中的 3D 共培养。